早期农耕文明中的“二十四节气”的表述形态与理念构建研究  

A Research on the Form of "24 Solar Terms" in Early Agricultural Civilization and the Construction of the Concept

作　　者：程万里[1] CHENG Wan-li(School of Arts,Southeast University,Nanjing 210096)

机构地区：[1]东南大学艺术学院,江苏南京210096

出　　处：《中国农史》2022年第6期40-49,共10页Agricultural History of China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金艺术类重点项目“中国祭祀图像的历史重构”(20AF008)。

摘　　要：“二十四节气”随着先民观象授时、时空合一、阴阳五行、自然崇拜等观念衍生而出,其作为思想和观念的物化载体,最终发展成为一种普遍的具有指导意义的文化现象。中国的古代历法属于阴阳合历,就是以朔望月与太阳年并行为基础的历法,首先他们通过平分两分日的距离很快找到了两个至点(冬至与夏至),而后通过平分四时(冬至、春分、夏至、秋分),找到立春、立夏、立秋、立冬,接着他们把八节之间的距离平均三分,定立“二十四节气”。可以说“二十四节气”源起于天文观测及农耕时间的需求,从最初的春秋,到四季演化形式,到与方位、四季以及物候的融和,逐步趋向完善,并最终成为中华农耕文明的时序体系,默默地指导着中华大地的农业发展和生活的次序。With time-based observation of the ancestors, the unity of time and space, the five elements of yin and yang, and nature worship, "24 Solar Terms" as a physical carrier of ideas and concepts, which eventually developed into a universal guiding cultural phenomenon. The ancient Chinese calendar belongs to the lunar and solar calendar, which is based on the parallelism of the lunar and solar years. Firstly, they quickly found two points of arrival(winter and summer solstices) by equally dividing the distances between the two days, and then found the spring, summer, autumn and winter by equally dividing the four seasons(winter, spring, summer, and autumn equinoxes). It can be said that the "twenty-four solar terms" originated from astronomical observation and the demand of farming time, from the initial spring and autumn, to the evolution of the four seasons, to the integration with the directions, the four seasons and the weather, and gradually became perfect, and finally became the chronological system of Chinese farming civilization, silently guiding the development of agriculture and the order of life in the Chinese land.

关 键 词：农耕文明 二十四节气 演变 理念 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学] K207[历史地理—历史学]