基于有限元法分析颅骨骨折的致伤方式  

Analysis into Injury Mode of Skull Fracture Based on Finite Element Method

作　　者：魏智彬 林海弘 杨超朋 何光龙 WEI Zhibin;LIN Haihong;YANG Chaopeng;HE Guanglong(Institute of Forensic Science,Ministry of Public Security,Beijing 100038,China;Institute of Forensic Science,Changchun Public Security Bureau,Changchun 130000,China)

机构地区：[1]公安部鉴定中心,北京100038 [2]长春市公安局刑警支队物证鉴定中心,长春130000

出　　处：《刑事技术》2023年第1期102-106,共5页Forensic Science and Technology

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2021JB030)。

摘　　要：本文采用有限元法对颅骨骨折的致伤方式进行生物力学分析,为判断颅骨骨折的致伤方式提供可视化、可量化的辅助分析技术。根据实际案例信息,利用有限元法模拟比较:1)高坠时,THUMS4.02(Total Human Model for Safety4.02)人体模型以8.04 m/s速度左头顶部着地时的应力分布;2)钢管击打时,钢管模型以5.8 m/s速度击打左头顶部时的应力分布。模拟结果结合案例信息从生物力学角度分析颅骨骨折的致伤方式。应力云图显示,高坠时应力最先从接触部位开始,随着颅骨塌陷,应力向四周传导,最后形成类圆形应力区,而钢管击打时应力最早分布在钢管与头部的接触区,中心区应力分布不明显,结合案例左顶骨凹陷骨折形态呈锥形,提示受力由圆心向内推挤,分析认为左顶骨凹陷骨折符合高坠形成。利用有限元法可实现颅骨凹陷骨折致伤方式可视化、量化的分析。In this paper,the injury mode of skull fracture was biomechanically analyzed with the fi nite element method so that the related injury mechanism was to deduce for exploration about an auxiliary technology that is helpful for visual and quantifi able appraisal into injury mode.For an actual case,the fi nite element method was used to simulate and compare the stress distribution on the skull befallen by high falling and hollow steel pipe hitting:1)when high falling,the stress distribution on the left top of the head of THUMS4.02(Total Human Model for Safety4.02,an imitated human fi gure)that was touching down onto the ground at a speed of 8.04 m/s;2)when hollow steel pipe hitting,the stress distribution on the left top of the head of the model that was being hinted at a speed of 5.8 m/s.The simulation results were compared against the case circumstance to analyze the injury mode of skull fracture from the perspective of biomechanics.The results show that the stress program showed that the stress had just started from the part where the skull was at touching the ground during a high falling.The stress was transmitted outward with the collapse of the skull until the fi nal formation of a circular stress area.In contrast,the hollow steel pipe hitting made the stress fi rst distributed at the touched area between the steel pipe and the head-on occurrence of striking,leaving the stress distribution showing not obvious in the central area/point.Combined with the actual case of the concave shape-conical fracture on the left parietal bone,the force was indicated to be pushed towards the center of the circle and inward further.Therefore,the comprehensive analysis suggested that the left parietal concave fracture was formed from falling.At the same time,the conclusion obtained through the fi nite element method simulation was understood and accepted by the deceased’s family when the injury formation was explained to them.The nodule area on the top of the skull,being the most prominent,makes it able fi rst to touch(activel

关 键 词：法医损伤学 有限元法 颅骨骨折 致伤方式 

分 类 号：DF795.1[医药卫生—法医学]