农田中微塑料污染特征及生态效应研究进展  

Research Progress on the Pollution Characteristics and Ecological Effects of Microplastics in Farmland

作　　者：王聪聪 罗庆[1] 李瑜婕 张鑫雨 WANG Congcong;LUO Qing;LI Yujie;ZHANG Xinyu(Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-remediation of Ministry of Education,Shenyang University,Shenyang 110044,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳大学区域污染环境生态修复教育部重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110044

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2022年第11期208-220,共13页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41807384);辽宁省教育厅普通高等学校校际合作重大科研项目(2020JYT03)。

摘　　要：微塑料作为一种新兴的全球污染物,正在对农田生态系统造成不同程度的损害,并已受到了国内外学者的广泛关注。根据最新的研究进展,文章总结了农田系统中微塑料污染的主要来源是地膜、化肥农药、堆肥和污泥、大气沉降以及灌溉和地表径流,综述了不同地区农田土壤中微塑料的丰度、组成和物理形态等污染特征以及影响微塑料分布的因素,如土层深度和土地利用方式等,归纳了微塑料在农田系统中的生态效应,包括对土壤理化性质和结构、农作物、土壤动物以及微生物群落结构的影响。在此基础上,对未来需要解决的问题和研究方向进行了展望,以期为农田系统中微塑料的风险评估和污染防控提供科学依据。Microplastics, as a new global pollutant, is causing varying degrees of damage to farmland ecosystems, and has been widely concerned by scholars at home and abroad. According to the latest research progress, the essay first summarizes the main sources of microplastic pollution in farmland systems are plastic film, chemical fertilizers and pesticides,compost and sludge, atmospheric deposition, irrigation and surface runoff. The pollution characteristics of microplastics in farmland soils in different regions, such as abundance, composition and physical morphology, and the factors affecting the distribution of microplastics, such as soil depth and land use patterns, are mainly reviewed. The ecological effects of micro plastics in farmland systems are mainly summarized, including the effects on soil physical and chemical properties and structure, crops, soil animals and microbial community structure. Finally, the problems and research directions in the future are prospected in order to provide scientific basis for risk assessment and pollution control of microplastics in farmland system.

关 键 词：农田系统 微塑料污染 污染特征 农作物 生态效应 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]