东部煤粮复合区采煤沉陷地边采边复时机  

Timing of concurrent mining and reclamation in coal-grain overlapping areas with mining-induced subsidence,Eastern China

作　　者：胡振琪 李根生 袁冬竹 HU Zhenqi;LI Gensheng;YUAN Dongzhu(School of Environment Science&Spatial Iiiformatics,China University qf Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;School of Public Policy&Management,China University qf Mining&Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;Institute of Land Reclamation&Ecological Restorationf China University of Mining&Technology-Beijing,Beijing 100033,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院,江苏徐州221116 [2]中国矿业大学公共管理学院,江苏徐州221116 [3]中国矿业大学(北京)土地复垦与生态重建研究所,北京100083

出　　处：《煤炭学报》2023年第1期373-387,共15页Journal of China Coal Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41771542);国家公益性行业科研专项基金资助项目(200911015-3)。

摘　　要：东部高潜水位煤粮复合区采煤沉陷导致连片耕地积水,加剧了区内煤炭保供和粮食生产之间的矛盾。为了协调耕地保护与地下采煤的关系,采用边采边复技术,可以实现地面复垦技术与井下采煤技术的耦合,在高潜水位矿区可显著提高复垦率。复垦时机的选择是边采边复的关键,直接决定复垦工程的成败。梳理了影响边采边复时机选择的自然因素和人为因素,提出了2种边采边复时机类型:(1)采动地表临界积水下的理论复垦时机;(2)采动地表浅积水(积水深度0~3 m)下的实际复垦时机。以单一煤层开采为例,研究了采动地表积水与地下开采的时空关系,提出了采动地表临界积水启动距及积水边界角,揭示了工作面推进速度与理论复垦时机的时空关系。提出以采动地表临界积水下沉值为约束的井下减沉的耕地源头保护措施,构建了采区尺度下的跳采全采工作面临界宽度模型和浅积水下的实际复垦时机模型。案例研究表明:以顾桥煤矿北一采区临界积水下沉值1.00 m为约束,所优化的跳采全采工作面宽度可将复垦时机延迟到全采阶段,即推迟复垦时间和延长耕地使用寿命12.5 a。模拟了龙固煤矿不同采动积水深度下的复垦耕地面积变化,构建了复垦时机与复垦率之间的定量模型,以此预测了不同复垦率指标下的最佳复垦时机区间及浅积水条件下的最佳复垦率,认为相对积水深度为0.6时,为该采矿地质条件下的最佳复垦时机,当复垦耕地率差值控制在5%时,最佳复垦时机为地表积水相对深度0.7067。最后,讨论了边采边复的投入产出效益,认为边采边复技术可显著提高土地复垦效益,从源头上将采煤引起的社会和生态负效益内部化,该技术具有技术可行、经济合理和生态友好的优势。研究结果可为高潜水位煤矿区边采边复时机优选和井上下采复耦合提供理论支撑和案例参考。Mining-induced subsidence in the coal-grain overlapping areas of eastern China has caused a large surface ponding,exacerbating the contradiction between coal supply and grain production.In order to coordinate the relation-ship between farmland protection and underground coal mining,we use the concurrent mining and reclamation(CMR)technology,which can realize the coupling of mine reclamation and underground mining,and can significantly improve the reclamation rate in mining areas with high groundwater levels.The timing of reclamation is the key to the CMR and directly determines the success or failure of the reclamation project.This study analyzes and summaries the natural and human factors that influence the choice of reclamation timing and proposes two types of reclamation timing:(1)the theoretical reclamation timing under the critical ponding and(2)the actual reclamation timing under the shallow ponding on the surface caused by coal mining.Taking a single coal seam mining as a case,the spatio-temporal relationship between surface ponding and underground mining was studied,and the starting distance of surface ponding caused by underground mining and the boundary angle of surface ponding were proposed to reveal the dynamic relationship between workface advancement and theoretical reclamation timing.A model of the critical width of skip-panels and back-panels based on the subsidence value of the critical ponding on the surface and a model of the actual reclamation timing under shallow ponding were constructed.The case study shows that the critical width of working face proposed with the critical subsidence value(1.00 m)of surface ponding in the first mining district of the Guqiao Coal Mine of China can delay the reclamation timing and farmland life by 12.5 years.The change of reclaimed farmland area in the Longgu Coal Mine of China under different depths of surface ponding was simulated.A quantitative model between reclamation timing and reclamation rate was constructed to predict the optimal reclamation timing un

关 键 词：采煤沉陷 煤粮复合区 边采边复 复垦时机 矿区生态修复 

分 类 号：TD88[矿业工程—矿山开采]