导水裂隙带发育特征地震识别方法  

Seismic identification and development characteristics of water conducting fissure zone in goaf

作　　者：侯恩科[1] 袁峰 王双明[1] 谢晓深 吴宝海 HOU Enke;YUAN Feng;WANG Shuangming;XIE Xiaoshen;WU Baohai(College of Geology and Environment,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,XV an 710054,China;Shaanxi Provincial Geological Survey Institute,Xi'an 710065,China;CGG(Beijing)tBeijing 100016,China)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学地质与环境学院,陕西西安710054 [2]陕西省地质调查院,陕西西安710065 [3]赛吉纪技术服务(北京)有限公司,北京100016

出　　处：《煤炭学报》2023年第1期414-429,共16页Journal of China Coal Society

基　　金：陕西煤业化工集团科研基金资助项目(2018SMHKJ-B-J-24);国家自然科学基金资助项目(42177174);陕西省公益性地质调查资助项目(20180301)。

摘　　要：导水裂隙带发育高度是保水采煤的关键参数,但导水裂隙带散射波、多次波发育,成像质量差,地震识别难度大,很难精确获取导水裂隙带发育特征。为进一步解决导水裂隙带地震识别问题,并揭示导水裂隙带空间发育特征,通过测井、钻探资料分析和三维模型正演对导水裂隙带的地震特征进行了研究。研究结果表明:电阻率、自然伽马、自然电位和冲洗液漏失量均能表征导水裂隙带发育高度,但单一因素解释误差较大,准确度低;谱分解、相干体、瞬时频率和蚂蚁追踪4种叠后地震属性分析能够不同程度地反映出导水裂隙带发育位置、高度特征,但只能对导水裂隙带部分部位实现较准确判断,无法准确反映导水裂隙带三维整体形态和发育特征。在综合地质、地震资料的基础上,根据电阻率、自然伽马、自然电位和冲洗液漏失量数据,利用主成分分析建立了导水裂隙带定量解释指标,通过地震属性优选、叠后确定性反演、叠前弹性阻抗反演、各向异性检测,结合裂隙指示曲线,利用神经网络反演形成裂隙指示数据体,对导水裂隙带发育高度和发育特征进行了定量描述,提出了适宜回采工作面导水裂隙带发育特征的地震识别方法,并成功识别了陕北某矿首采工作面导水裂隙带发育特征。实践结果表明:综采工作面走向方向导水裂隙带发育形态呈“半马鞍形”,即发育高度由开切眼至面内逐渐降低并趋于平稳;工作面倾向方向导水裂隙带呈两边高中间略低的形态特征,近似“马鞍形”;采空区开切眼处导水裂隙带发育高度最大,两侧采空边界煤柱处裂隙带发育高度略低,裂采比为25.86~30.76;垮落带以高角度裂隙为主,水平方向呈网状,垮采比为3.44~5.72。经验证,该导水裂隙带地震识别方法获取的导水裂隙带发育高度误差在2.42~6.81 m,垮落带识别误差1.60~12.89 m,误差相对较小,能够�The development height of water-conducting fracture zone is a key parameter of water-retaining coal mining and the decisive factor of underground aquifer leakage caused by coal mining.However,the scattered waves and multiple waves of water-conducting fracture zone are developed,the imaging quality is poor,and the seismic identification is difficult.Therefore,it is difficult to accurately obtain the development characteristics of the water-conducting fracture zone.In order to further solve the problem of seismic identification of water diversion fracture zone and reveal the spatial development characteristics of water diversion fracture zone,the seismic characteristics of water-conducting fracture zone are studied by analyzing well logging,drilling data and three-dimensional model forward modeling.The results show that resistivity,natural gamma ray,natural potential and flushing fluid leakage can all characterize the development height of water-conducting fracture zone,but single factor interpretation error is large and accuracy is low.The four post stack seismic attribute analyses of spectral decomposition,coherence cube,instantaneous frequency and ant tracking can reflect the development position and height characteristics of the water conducting fracture zone to varying degrees,but can only accurately judge some parts of the water conducting fracture zone,and cannot accurately reflect the three-dimensional overall shape and development characteristics of the water conducting fracture zone.On the basis of comprehensive geological and seismic data,according to the data of resistivity,natural gamma,natural potential and flushing fluid leakage,this paper uses principal component analysis to establish the quantitative interpretation index of water-conducting fracture zone,and the fracture indicator data volume is formed by seismic attribute optimization,pre-stack elastic impedance inversion and anisotropic fracture curve indication inversion.Also,the development height and characteristics of water-conducting fractur

关 键 词：导水裂隙带 三维地震 三维正演和反演 各向异性检测 保水开采 

分 类 号：TD745[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]