杜诗几种特殊诗体体制研究及后世接受之述评  

A Study of Special Poetry Forms by Du Fu and Commentaries on Their Acceptance

作　　者：吴淑玲[1] 韩成武[1] WU Shuling;HAN Chengwu(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Hebei University,Baoding Hebei 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北大学文学院,河北保定071002

出　　处：《南都学坛（南阳师范学院人文社会科学学报）》2023年第1期33-42,共10页Academic Forum of Nandu:Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Nanyang Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“诗体学视野下的杜诗研究”,项目编号:18FZW068。

摘　　要：杜甫创制了“同谷七歌体”“曲江三章章五句体”“存殁口号体”等特殊诗体。其体制特征如下:“同谷七歌体”,由7首诗组成,每首8句,每句基本为七言,无平仄声调限定,其韵律安排非一韵到底,而是分为前后两节,前节6句押一个韵,后节2句转换韵部,且采用句句押韵的做法;“曲江三章章五句体”,由3首诗组成,每首5句,每句为七言,无平仄声调限定,在韵律安排上打破了传统诗歌偶数句押韵模式,将韵脚放在1、2、3、5句上,打破了人们对诗韵节奏的固有预期;“存殁口号体”,由2首诗组成,皆为声韵严整的七言绝句,每首诗前2句各举一存者一死者,且言其艺术擅长,后2句对其境遇发表感慨。后世诗论家肯定了这些诗体为杜甫首创。后世诗人多有仿制,情况不一:或对某些诗体体制逐渐认识,最终吻合;或守中有变,对某些成分做出变革。There were three kinds of special poetry forms created by Du Fu and they were respectively unique in character.The so-called“Songs Written While Residing in Tonggu County in the Qianyuan Reign”consist of seven eight-line poems with no distinction between“level”and“deflected”tones.They were written in the seven-syllable line and in two stanzas which changed the rhyme in the seventh line.In addition,every line was in rhyme.The so-called“Three Stanzas on the Twisting River”were also in the seven-syllable line.There was no requirement of tonal balancing in these three five-line poems while the versification of which was a breakthrough that the rhymes were put in the first,the second,the third and the fifth line instead of the even lines as in classic poetry.The so-called“Two Extempore Poems on the Living and Dead”were seven-syllable line quatrains with a strict prosodic pattern.In these two poems,the artistic advantages of a living person and a dead person were mentioned in the first two lines;meanwhile,the poet’s feelings were exposed in the last two lines.Critics in later generations affirmed that these poetry forms were first created by Du Fu.There were loads of varying pastiches afterwards:either gradually regulated and matched or partly changed and innovated.

关 键 词：杜诗 特殊诗体 体制研究 后世接受 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学]