哈尔滨农田土壤中微塑料的赋存特征及影响因素分析  

Analysis on the occurrence characteristics and influencing factors of microplastics in Harbin agricultural soils.

作　　者：于庆鑫 刘硕[1] 马丽娜 门志远 李陶陶 蔡露瑶 孙萌 YU Qing-xin;LIU Shuo;MA Li-na;MEN Zhi-yuan;LI Tao-tao;CAI Lu-yao;SUN Meng(College of Geographical Science,Harbin Normal University,150025,Harbin,China;School of Environment,Harbin Institute of Technology,150090,Harbin,China;State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment,Harbin Institute of Technology,150090,Harbin,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学地理科学学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150025 [2]哈尔滨工业大学环境学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150090 [3]哈尔滨工业大学城市水资源与水环境国家重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150090

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2023年第2期793-799,共7页China Environmental Science

基　　金：哈尔滨工业大学城市水资源与水环境国家重点实验室开放基金项目(SMK202203)。

摘　　要：为探究农田土壤中微塑料(Microplastics,MPs)赋存特征及影响因素,通过体式显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、扫描电镜(SEM)等方法定性定量地分析了哈尔滨农田土壤中MPs的丰度、外观特征以及类型,并以有无农用膜为分类对比分析了MPs在农田土壤中的赋存特征.结果表明:研究区农田土壤中MPs丰度范围在198.32~1002.61n/kg,平均值约为485.80n/kg,有农用膜覆盖的土壤中MPs丰度是无农用膜覆盖的1.69倍.垂直空间分布上,随着深度增加,MPs丰度降低.耕层土壤平均丰度约为(567.70±210.53)n/kg,犁底层MPs丰度降为(403.80±141.66)n/kg,降幅达到40.59%.在有农用膜覆盖的土壤中,占比最高的MPs类型为PE(46.61%),在无农用膜覆盖的土壤中,占比最高的MPs类型为PP(38.76%).土壤的颗粒组成对土壤中MPs的分布有着极大的影响,其中黏粒是影响MPs丰度的主要因素(r=-0.6,P<0.05).本文的研究结论可为农田土壤MPs污染评估的规范化提供参考数据,并为MPs在土壤中的迁移提供基础.To investigate the characteristics and influencing factors of microplastics(MPs)in agricultural soils,the abundance,appearance characteristics and types of MPs in Harbin agricultural soils were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by body microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM).The characteristics of MPs in agricultural soils were analyzed by comparison with the presence or absence of agricultural films as a classification.The results showed that the abundance of MPs in agricultural soils in the study area ranged from 198.32 to 1002.61n/kg,with a mean value of about 485.80n/kg,and the abundance of MPs in soils with agricultural film cover was 1.69 times higher than that without agricultural film cover.In the vertical spatial distribution,the abundance of MPs decreased with increasing depth.The average abundance of MPs was about(567.70±210.53)n/kg in the plow layer soil,and the abundance of MPs decreased to(403.80±141.66)n/kg in the plow bottom layer,with a decrease of 40.59%.The highest percentage of MPs type was PE(46.61%)in the soil with agricultural film cover and PP(38.76%)in the soil without agricultural film cover.The particle composition of the soil had a great influence on the distribution of MPs in the soil,with clay particles being the main factor affecting the abundance of MPs(r=-0.6,P<0.05).The findings of this paper can provide reference data for the standardization of MPs contamination assessment in agricultural soils and provide a basis for the migration of MPs in soils.

关 键 词：微塑料 哈尔滨 农田土壤 分布特征 影响因素 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]