聚乳酸微塑料及其复合污染的生物毒性效应与机制研究进展  

Research progress on biotoxicological effects and mechanism of polylactic acid microplastics and their combined pollution.

作　　者：邵雪纯 胡双庆 张琪 龚凯林 傅梦茹 张卫[1] 彭程 SHAO Xue-chun;HU Shuang-qing;ZHANG Qi;GONG Kai-lin;FU Meng-ru;ZHANG Wei;PENG Cheng(School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai 200237,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants,Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences,Shanghai 200233,China;Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学资源与环境工程学院,上海200237 [2]上海市环境科学研究院,国家环境保护新型污染物环境健康影响评价重点实验室,上海200233 [3]上海污染控制与生态安全研究院,上海200092

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2023年第2期935-945,共11页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家环境保护新型污染物环境健康影响评价重点实验室开放基金资助项目(SEPKL-EHIAEC-202207);国家自然科学基金资助项目(42177395)

摘　　要：综述了聚乳酸(PLA)微塑料单一暴露以及与其他污染物复合暴露的毒性效应,并探讨了PLA微塑料对生物的毒性作用机制.PLA微塑料的摄入会影响生物体的摄食、生长、存活、繁殖和运动行为;PLA微塑料与有机物和重金属复合污染对生物体存在一定的潜在风险;PLA微塑料主要通过机械损伤、氧化应激、神经损伤及免疫损伤对生物体造成损害.未来仍需对老化或降解的PLA微塑料的毒性效应、对陆地生物的复合暴露毒性效应与机制及其对全球生态系统和生物地球化学循环的影响等方面开展探索和研究,以期为今后PLA微塑料的环境生态风险评估提供思路.The toxicity effects of single exposure of polylactic acid(PLA)microplastics,as well as their combined exposure with other environmental pollutants were reviewed.Moreover,the toxicity mechanisms of PLA microplastics on organisms was further summarized.The ingestion of PLA microplastics can affect the feeding,growth,survival,reproduction and motor behavior of organisms.The combined contamination of PLA microplastics with organics and heavy metals has certain potential risks to organisms.PLA microplastics mainly damage organisms through the toxicity mechanisms of mechanical damage,oxidative stress,nerve damage and immune damage.Future studies are needed to explore the toxic effects of aged or degraded PLA microplastics,the toxicity effects and mechanisms of combined exposure to terrestrial organisms,and their impacts on global ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles.This review could provide ideas for the environmental and ecological risk assessment of PLA microplastics in the future.

关 键 词：聚乳酸微塑料 毒性作用 联合毒性 生态毒理学 

分 类 号：X503[环境科学与工程—环境工程]