明代中后期违例起送涉藏朝贡事宜考  

A Research on Violation Sending Tibet-related Tribute in Middle and Late Ming Dynasty

作　　者：闫蕾蕾 陈武强[2] Yan Leilei;Chen Wuqiang(General Education Center,Zhengzhou Business University,Gongyi,Henan 451200,China;School of Ethnic Studies,Xizang Minzu University,Xianyang,Shaanxi 712082,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州商学院通识教育中心,河南巩义451200 [2]西藏民族大学民族研究院,陕西咸阳712082

出　　处：《西藏研究》2022年第6期25-33,共9页Tibetan Studies

基　　金：2017年度国家社会科学基金项目“明朝时期中央政府与西藏地方使臣往来文献资料整理和研究”(项目编号:17BZS052);西藏文化传承发展省部共建协同创新中心2018年委托项目“明朝中央政府与西藏地方政府公务研究”(项目编号:XT-WT201814)阶段性成果

摘　　要：明朝时期,乌思藏、朵甘及河湟洮岷等地藏族首领纷纷遣使进京朝贡。明廷规定,乌思藏等地使者进入内地后,由四川、陕西邻藏沿线边地州县或都司卫所安排专门官员负责验证、申报、通关事宜,之后起送贡使赴京朝贡。明中叶以来,乌思藏等处贡使与日俱增,四川、陕西起送贡使任务越来越繁重。于是,明中央政府对藏族贡使进京朝贡事宜,订立和增加了许多起送例,依“例”规范四川、陕西邻藏沿线边地边臣对藏族贡使的起送流程,加强管理。不过,四川、陕西部分边关吏臣存在徇私枉法、失职渎职等违规行为,以致违例起送现象屡有发生,干扰了正常的朝贡秩序,且给涉藏朝贡事宜带来了相应问题。In Ming Dynasty,the local Tibetan leaders of Wusi Zang,Duo Gan,He Huang and Tao Min areas sent envoys to Beijing to paid tribute to Ming central government.According to the regulation issued by Ming government,once the envoys of places that mentioned above entered the mainland of Ming Dynasty,special officials arranged by Sichuan and Shaanxi districts should take the responsibility of carrying out the procedures of Tibet-related tributes’verification,declaration and customs clearance.After that,the tributes would be sent to the capital.Since the middle Ming Dynasty,the Tibetan tribute envoys had increased numerously,the tasks of special officials in Sichuan and Shaanxi districts became heavier.In order to regulate the process of Tibet-related truite,Ming central government set up and rules and related amendments.However,the phenomenon of bending laws and dereliction of duty frequently occurred on the border officials in Sichuan and Shaanxi which brought many problems on sending Tibet-related tributes.

关 键 词：明中后期 起送 涉藏朝贡 违例 

分 类 号：K248.2[历史地理—历史学]