核聚变堆领域钨及其合金与异种材料连接技术  

Joining Technology of Tungsten and Its Alloys with Dissimilar Material for Nuclear Fusion Reactor

作　　者：沈旭 吴玉程[1] 刘家琴 朱晓勇 谭晓月 吴杰峰[2,4] 刘松林 SHEN Xu;WU Yucheng;LIU Jiaqin;ZHU Xiaoyong;TAN Xiaoyue;WU Jiefeng;LIU Songlin(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230009,Anhui,China;Institute of Plasma Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei 230031,Anhui,China;Engineering Research Center of Advanced Composite Materials Design&Application of Anhui Province,Hefei 230051,Anhui,China;Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Special Welding Technology,Huainan 232000,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]合肥工业大学材料科学与工程学院,安徽合肥230009 [2]中国科学院等离子体物理研究所,安徽合肥230031 [3]安徽省先进复合材料设计与应用工程技术研究中心,安徽合肥230051 [4]特种焊接技术安徽省重点实验室,安徽淮南232000

出　　处：《中国钨业》2022年第3期46-55,共10页China Tungsten Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52020105014);国家重点研发计划(2022YFE03140000);国家磁约束聚变能发展研究专项(2017YFE03000604)。

摘　　要：钨及其合金因具有熔点高、沸点高、真空蒸气压低、低的热膨胀系数、无毒、导热性能好以及低溅射率等特性成为未来聚变堆面向等离子体材料第一候选材料。为减少核聚变堆运行过程高能束流及辐射热对钨表面损伤,需要将钨与和热沉材料连接成一体,对钨进行主动冷却。钨及其合金与钢、铜及铜合金之间物理性能差异巨大,实现钨及其合金和异种材料的可靠连接是建造核聚变堆的关键技术。本研究从核聚变堆用钨及其合金与异种材料的特性出发,对钨及其合金与异种材料主要连接技术以及未来可能用到的技术进行了归纳总结,包括钎焊、扩散焊、激光沉积成型等技术,并结合实际工程应用需求,提出了对于钨及其合金与异种材料连接的未来展望,为后续研究提供相关参考。Tungsten and its alloys have become the first candidate materials for plasma materials in future fusion reactors because of their high melting point,high boiling point,low vacuum vapor pressure,low thermal expansion coefficient,non-toxicity,good thermal conductivity and low sputtering rate.In order to reduce the damage of tungsten surface caused by high energy beam and radiant heat during the operation of nuclear fusion reactor,it is necessary to connect tungsten with heat sink materials to actively cool tungsten.The physical properties of tungsten and its alloys are very different from those of steel,copper and copper alloys,so it is the key technology to build a nuclear fusion reactor to realize the reliable connection between tungsten and its alloys and dissimilar materials.Based on the characteristics of tungsten and its alloys and dissimilar materials used in nuclear fusion reactor,this study summarized the main connection technologies of tungsten and its alloys and dissimilar materials and the technologies that may be used in the future,including brazing,diffusion welding,laser deposition molding and other technologies.Combined with the actual engineering application requirements,the future prospect of the connection between tungsten and its alloys and dissimilar materials was put forward,providing relevant reference for the follow-up research.

关 键 词：钨合金 异种材料 钎焊 扩散焊 激光熔化沉积 

分 类 号：TG454[金属学及工艺—焊接] TF841.1[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]