反思刑事司法大样本研究  

Reflecting on the Large Sample Study of Criminal Justice

作　　者：白建军[1] Bai Jianjun

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《中国应用法学》2023年第1期85-94,共10页China Journal of Applied Jurisprudence

摘　　要：法律规则的每一次适用,都是规则适用者将一定价值、预判、立场、偏好和局限等主体性因素,对象化到一定案件处理过程和结果的机会。司法大样本研究可以从刑事司法实践的集体经验中分离出集体理性和集体非理性。集体理性是法律没有明确规定或规定比较模糊的情形下,法律适用者群体审慎保守的普遍选择,是法的安定性、确定性和可预见性等价值的积极彰显。集体非理性是立法日趋完备的条件下,法秩序总体中某些局部的法律适用者更容易在一定法律适用过程和结果中显露出来的地方性、部门性、结构性集体武断。发现司法集体非理性,有助于宏观法律工作的导向指引,对诸如刑行关系、政府信息公开与犯罪控制的关系、主刑与附加刑的关系等结构性失调问题保持警醒,以提升法治整体结构的稳定性和社会治理的资产质量。应当充分利用、挖掘司法大样本这座富矿,发挥其在法学研究中的独特价值。Every application of legal rules is an opportunity for the rule applicator to objectify certain subjective factors such as value,pre-judgment,position,preference and limitation to a certain case processing process and result.The judicial large sample study can separate collective rationality and collective irrationality from the collective experience of criminal judicial practice.Collective rationality is the prudent and conservative common choice of the group of legal applicants in the absence of clear or vague provisions of the law,and it is the positive manifestation of the values of stability,certainty and predictability of the law.Collective irrationality is a kind of local,departmental and structural collective arbitrariness that is more likely to be exposed in the process and result of the application of certain laws in some parts of the overall law order under the condition of increasingly complete legislation.The discovery of judicial collective irrationality is conducive to the guidance of macro legal work,and keeps alert to structural imbalances such as the relationship between punishment and execution,the relationship between government information disclosure and crime control,the relationship between principal punishment and additional punishment,so as to improve the stability of the overall structure of the rule of law and the quality of assets of social governance.We should make full use of and excavate the rich mine of large judicial samples and give full play to its unique value in legal research.

关 键 词：司法大样本 集体经验 集体理性 集体武断 实证研究 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]