网络拍卖的法律适用研究:以指导性案例125号为参照  

On the Nature of Contracts in Online Auctions:Taking the Guiding Case No.125 as a Reference

作　　者：李学尧[1] Li Xueyao

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学凯原法学院

出　　处：《中国应用法学》2023年第1期136-150,共15页China Journal of Applied Jurisprudence

摘　　要：司法实践中关于《拍卖法》相关条款的涵摄范围,主要存在主体要件和行为要件两种标准。最高人民法院指导性案例125号采用行为要件说,确立了《拍卖法》适用的“委托(拍卖)关系”标准。虽然,指导性案例125号的裁判要旨主要针对作为民事强制措施的网络司法拍卖,但是“委托(拍卖)关系”标准具有适用于普遍意义上的网络拍卖行为、解决其是否适用以及如何适用《拍卖法》的参照意义。即便如此,任意拍卖型网络拍卖领域仍会存在法律漏洞,且难以被解释论的思路所解决:(1)包括网络拍卖合同在内的拍卖合同难以被纳入《民法典》有名合同(比如行纪合同、中介合同)的种类之中;(2)《电子商务法》对电子商务的宽泛规定,使得其难以调整网络拍卖行为。在司法实践中可进一步参照《个人信息保护法》第58条守门人条款,将网络拍卖规范化的“守门人”责任赋予相关的网络交易平台提供者。In judicial practice,there are two standards for the coverage of the relevant provisions of the Auction Law,the subject element and the behavior element.The Guiding Case No.125 of the Supreme People’s Court adopted the act requirement theory and established the standard of "trust(auction)relationship" applied to the Auction Law.Although the gist of the judgment of the Guiding Case No.125is mainly aimed at the online judicial auction as a civil coercive measure,the standard of "trust(auction)relationship" has the reference significance of applying to the universal online auction behavior,solving whether it is applicable and how to apply the Auction Law.Even so,there will still be legal loopholes in the field of arbitrary auction-type online auctions,which are difficult to be solved by the interpretative approach:(1) auction contracts,including online auction contracts,are difficult to be included in the category of well-known contracts(such as commission contracts and intermediary contracts) in the Civil Code;(2) The broad provisions of the Electronic Commerce Law on electronic commerce make it difficult to adjust the online auction behavior.Based on the needs of maintaining market order,protecting the rights and interests of the parties and the proportional allocation of compliance responsibilities,we can further refer to the gatekeeper clause in Article 58 of the Personal Information Protection Law in judicial practice,and assign the responsibility of "gatekeeper" of network auction standardization to the relevant network trading platform providers.

关 键 词：指导性案例125号 网络拍卖 网络司法拍卖 《拍卖法》 守门人条款 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学] D925.1[政治法律—法学]