白纹雏蝗卵胚胎发育阶段划分与滞育解除  

Division of the embryonic developmental stages and diapause termination in the grasshopper Chorthippus albonemus eggs

作　　者：马志宁 王颖[1] 张蓉[1] 朱猛蒙[1] 黄文广 罗晓玲 贾彦霞[3] 魏淑花[1] Ma Zhining;Wang Ying;Zhang Rong;Zhu Mengmeng;Huang Wenguang;Luo Xiaoling;Jia Yanxia;Wei Shuhua(Institute of Plant Protection,Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750002,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China;Grassland Workstation of Ningxia,Yinchuan 750011,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China;School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院植物保护研究所,银川750002 [2]宁夏草原工作站,银川750011 [3]宁夏大学农学院,银川750021

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2022年第6期1764-1770,共7页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31760705);农业高质量发展和生态保护科技创新示范课题(NGSB-2021-14-05);宁夏农林科学院对外科技合作专项(DW-X-2021002)。

摘　　要：为明确白纹雏蝗Chorthippus albonemus卵胚胎发育情况和滞育解除条件,将白纹雏蝗卵经3℃和8℃低温处理后,观察其不同发育阶段的形态特征并分析其滞育解除条件。结果表明,根据胚胎形态特征,自发育期开始,白纹雏蝗卵胚胎发育可划分为12个阶段,其中,胚胎发育1~6 d时处于发育期和原头期,共4个阶段;发育7~12 d时处于胚转期和显节期,共5个阶段;发育13~16 d时处于显节期和胚熟期,共3个阶段。白纹雏蝗卵在自然条件下当年入冬后11月有81.67%的卵滞育,翌年3月卵孵化率为34.42%,显著高于11月(18.33%)和12月(18.67%)的卵孵化率,翌年3月的孵化期为28 d,显著低于11月(86 d)和12月(50 d)的孵化期(P<0.05)。在不同低温处理下,3℃处理30 d后的卵孵化率为32.64%,显著高于8℃处理30 d(25.00%)的孵化率(P<0.05);低温8℃处理90 d后的卵孵化期为55 d,孵化率最高为70.83%,显著高于低温3℃处理90 d(52.78%)的卵孵化率(P<0.05)。说明白纹雏蝗卵滞育解除所需的最佳温度在不同时期存在差异,卵经1个低温期后,当环境温度达到发育起点温度55 d后可达孵化高发期。In order to clarify the embryonic development and the conditions for diapause termination of the eggs of grasshopper Chorthippus albonemus,the eggs were treated at 3℃and 8℃and their morphological characteristics were observed at different developmental stages and the conditions for diapause termination were analyzed.The results showed that the embryonic development of C.albonemus eggs could be divided into 12 stages from the beginning of the developmental period according to the morphological characteristics of embryos:Days 1-6 belonged to the developmental phase and primordial phase,including four stages;Days 7-12,the embryo transition stage and node stage,including five stages;Days 13-16,the stage of node development and embryo maturation,including three stages.Under natural conditions,81.67%of C.albonemus eggs underwent diapause in November after the winter of the year,and the egg hatching rate in March of the following year was 34.42%,significantly higher than that in November(18.33%)and December(18.67%)of the year(P<0.05).The incubation period lasted for 28 days in March,significantly shorter than that in November(86 d)and December(50 d)(P<0.05).Under low temperatures,the hatching rate of eggs treated at 3℃for 30 days was 32.64%,which was significantly higher than that of eggs treated at 8℃for 30 days(25.00%).The incubation period of eggs treated at 8℃for 90 days was 55 d,and the highest hatching rate was 70.83%,which was significantly higher than that of eggs treated at 3℃for 90 days(52.78%).The results indicated that the optimal temperature for diapause termination of C.albonemus eggs was different at different stages,and the hatching peak was reached at 55 days when the environmental temperature of eggs reached the lower threshold for development after a low-temperature period.

关 键 词：白纹雏蝗 卵 胚胎发育 滞育 滞育解除 

分 类 号：S433.2[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]