月球原位资源利用及关键科学与技术问题  

Key Science and Technology Issues of Lunar In Situ Resource Utilization

作　　者：刘建忠[1,2] 李雄耀[1,2] 朱凯[1,2] 许英奎 杨溢[1,3] 张敬宜[1,3] 雷丹泓 罗泰义 凌宗成 王功[5] Jianzhong Liu;Xiongyao Li;Kai Zhu;Yingkui Xu;Yi Yang;Jingyi Zhang;Danhong Lei;Taiyi Luo;Zongcheng Ling;Gong Wang(Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guiyang 550081;CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei 230026;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;Shandong University(Weihai),Weihai 264209;Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100094)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地球化学研究所,贵阳550081 [2]中国科学院比较行星学卓越创新中心,合肥230026 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]山东大学(威海),威海264209 [5]中国科学院空间应用工程与技术中心,北京100094

出　　处：《中国科学基金》2022年第6期907-918,共12页Bulletin of National Natural Science Foundation of China

摘　　要：月球探测已成为21世纪各航天国家深空探测竞相追逐的首要目标,在月球上建设短期有人值守,长期无人智慧运行的月球科研站或者月球基地已成为人类共同的愿景。同时,把认识月球和利用月球作为同等重要的科学目标,是新时代月球探测最为显著的特点。月球原位资源利用既是新时代月球探测的科学目标,也是保障月球基地建设和运行顺利进行的重要途径,越来越受到关注。及早开展月壤、水冰以及太阳能等地外原位资源利用背后的基础科学和技术问题的研究,是我国在新一轮月球探测中抢占先机的必由之路。本文从月球基地建设的愿景出发,开展了月球原位资源利用的需求分析,阐述了月球原位资源利用的必要性和可行性,对月球原位资源利用过程中的关键科学与技术问题进行了梳理。梳理的关键科学和技术问题包括四个方面:(1)月球关键资源勘查规范;(2)月壤综合利用;(3)月面能源高效持续利用;(4)月球资源开发利用过程中的环境危害防护和权益保护。Lunar exploration has become the primary goal of the deep space exploration competes among various space countries in 21st century,and the construction of the short-time attended and long-term unattended intelligent lunar research station or lunar base has become the shared vision of mankind.Meanwhile,understanding and utilizing moon are regarded as the equally important scientific goal,which is also the most distinctive characteristic of the lunar exploration in the new era.And the in situ resource utilization has gained more and more attention,which is not only the essential approach to achieve the scientific goal of lunar exploration in the new era,but also the essential method to ensure the construction and smooth running of lunar base.The only way for our country to take the first opportunity in the new round of lunar exploration is to carry out the research on the basic science and technical issues behind the in-situ utilization of lunar soil,water ice,solar energy and other extraterrestrial resource as soon as possible.From the vision of the lunar base construction,this article analyzes the demand for the lunar in situ resource utilization,and elaborates the necessity and feasibility of the lunar in situ resources utilization,and sorts its key science and technology issues,which can be summarized into four aspects:(1)Codes for exploration of lunar key resource;(2)Comprehensive utilization of lunar soil;(3)Effective and sustainable utilization of lunar surface energy;(4)The prevention of environmental hazards and the protection of rights and interests in the development and utilization process of lunar resources.

关 键 词：月球基地 原位资源利用 勘查规范 月壤综合利用 月面能源 

分 类 号：P184.5[天文地球—天文学] V476.3[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]