从理学官僚到技术官僚:清雍乾时期地方治理模式的转型  

From Neo-Confucian Officials to Technocrats:The Transformation of the Local Governance Model in the Yongzheng-Qianlong Period

作　　者：张少娜 Zhang Shaona

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《中国社会科学院大学学报》2022年第11期116-131,136,共17页Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

基　　金：陕西师范大学2017年博士研究生自由探索项目“清代政治文化与公共权利的设置与运行”(2017TS104)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在清初的历史语境下,“由实学兴教化”的理学官僚治理模式契合百废待兴的时代命题。然而,进入雍乾时期,地方政治因人地矛盾升级而亟须革新,皇帝在用人铨选方面也因此有所变化。雍正、乾隆不再推崇康熙时期颇受重视的理学官僚治理模式,为了谋求政治生存空间,理学官僚遂贯彻技术性政策于地方治理中,并由此实现了向技术官僚的转型。这一过程既缘于外部政治生态环境的改变,也是理学官僚力行践履时的自我觉醒与进化,体现了清代官僚政治因时、因势而变的特征。In the historical context of the early Qing, the Neo-Confucian bureaucratic governance model of promoting education through practical learning was fit for the times. However,during the Yongzheng-Qianlong period,the local politics needed to be reformed due to the escalated contradiction between humans and land,and the emperor also made changes in terms of personnel selection. Yongzheng and Qianlong no longer promoted the bureaucratic governance model of Neo-Confucianism which was highly valued in the Kangxi period. In order to seek political living space,Neo-Confucian bureaucrats implemented technical policies in local governance.Therefore,the local governance model in the Qing Dynasty began to change from a Neo-Confucian bureaucratic governance model to a technocratic governance model.This process was due to the change of the external political ecological environment,and it was also the self-awakening and self-evolution of the officials when they practiced Neo-Confucianism, reflecting the characteristics that the bureaucratic politics of the Qing Dynasty changed with time and situation.

关 键 词：清代官僚政治 理学官僚 技术官僚 政治生存 治理模式 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]