《商标法》第58条规范路径之反思与重构  

Reflection and Reconstruction of the Normative Mode of Article 58 of the Chinese Trademark Law

作　　者：朱冬 张玲[2] Zhu Dong;Zhang Ling

机构地区：[1]厦门大学知识产权研究院 [2]南开大学法学院

出　　处：《知识产权》2023年第1期50-68,共19页Intellectual Property

基　　金：2020年度国家社科基金一般项目“恶意商标注册规制的体系化重塑研究”(20BFX41)。

摘　　要：依据《商标法》第58条,将他人商标用作字号使用类纠纷,依照《反不正当竞争法》处理。这样处理导致适用法律依据不一致、规则虚置、诱发规范体系紊乱等问题。《反不正当竞争法》规范路径的确立,源于对被告字号使用行为性质、权利冲突定性、规范路径界分基点以及综合考量法优势的误读。基于民事侵权认定一般原理,借鉴域外立法例,《商标法》与《反不正当竞争法》规范商业标志纠纷的界分基点,应当是原告的权利客体,而非被告的行为方式。字号使用类纠纷的重点在于“使用他人商标”,属于商标侵权纠纷,因此应当回归《商标法》调整。According to Article 58 of the Chinese Trademark Law,disputes over the use of others'trademarks as trade names shall be handled under the Anti-Unfair Competition Law.The judicial practice shows that such an approach has caused some problems,such as inconsistent legal basis,unapplicable rules,disorder of normative system and so on.The establishment of the normative mode of competition law stems from misreading the nature of the use of the defendant's trade name,the nature of the conflict of rights,the dividing point of the normative mode,and the comprehensive consideration of the legal advantages.Based on the general principle on determining torts and referring to foreign legislations,the dividing point between the trademark law and the unfair competition law should be the object of the plaintiff's right,rather than the defendant's behavior.The disputes over using trademarks as trade names shall focus on"using others'trademarks',which belongs to trademark infringement.Therefore,such a rule should be adjusted back to the Trademark Law.

关 键 词：商标 字号 商标侵权 不正当竞争 

分 类 号：D923.43[政治法律—民商法学]