动车组蓄电池的应用现状和发展方向  

Application Status and Development Direction of Battery for EMU

作　　者：李静 李吉刚 孙冬冬 张翠萍 刘坤鹏 LI Jing;LI Jigang;SUN Dongdong;ZHANG Cuiping;LIU Kunpeng(CRRC Qingdao Sifang Rolling Stock Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266031,China)

机构地区：[1]中车青岛四方车辆研究所有限公司,山东青岛266031

出　　处：《铁道车辆》2023年第1期1-6,共6页Rolling Stock

摘　　要：为确保动车组辅助供电系统稳定、高效地运行,动车组蓄电池的选型应遵循高安全性、绿色环保、性能优越、适用温域宽和高可靠性的原则。文章阐述了“和谐号”CRH1、CRH2、CRH3、CRH5型动车组和“复兴号”标准动车组辅助供电系统用蓄电池的组成和参数,系统描述了动车组用铅酸蓄电池、镉镍蓄电池和钛酸锂电池的特性和应用现状。对比分析了各型车蓄电池的充电方式、补液方式及故障保护方式等,介绍了恒压直充电和恒压限流充电、单曲线充电和双曲线充电的优缺点,结合蓄电池结构分析了单节补液和集中补液两种维护方式的特点,并针对运用工况提出利用充电机监控蓄电池的整个充电过程,对蓄电池的异常充电状态进行相应的控制保护。探究了动车组蓄电池的发展趋势和改进方向,在动车组辅助供电系统设计时,应充分考虑蓄电池充电方式、充放电频次及深度、维护方式、故障诊断等方面对其性能的影响,从而采用合理、优化的设计方案,保证蓄电池在寿命期的正常使用,以更好地保障动车组的安全运行。In order to ensure the stable and efficient operation of the auxiliary power supply system of EMU, the selection of EMU batteries should follow the principles of high safety, environmental protection, superior performance, wide applicable temperature range and high reliability. The paper describes the composition and parameters of batteries used in auxiliary power supply system of CRH1, CRH2, CRH3, CRH5 EMUs and Fuxing EMUs and elaborates the characteristics and application status of lead-acid batteries, Ni-Cd batteries and lithium titanate batteries used in EMUs. It also compares and analyzes the charging mode, liquid injection mode and fault protection mode of batteries of various vehicles, introduces the advantages and disadvantages of constant voltage direct charging, constant voltage current limiting charging, single curve charging and hyperbolic charging. Combined with the structure of storage battery, this paper analyzes the characteristics of two maintenance modes: single-section fluid replenishment and centralized fluid replenishment. According to the working conditions, it is proposed to use charger to monitor the whole charging process of storage battery and conduct corresponding control and protection for the abnormal charging state of storage battery. This paper explores the development trend and improvement direction of EMU batteries. During the design of the auxiliary power supply system of EMU, the influence of battery charging mode, charging and discharging frequency and depth, maintenance mode, fault diagnosis and other aspects on its performance should be fully considered, so as to adopt a reasonable and optimized design scheme to ensure the normal use of battery in its life cycle and better guarantee the safe operation of EMU.

关 键 词：动车组 铅酸蓄电池 镉镍蓄电池 钛酸锂电池 充电方式 补液方式 故障保护 

分 类 号：U270.38[机械工程—车辆工程]