橡胶-砂仁间作土壤中细菌数量及其对病原菌拮抗性和作物促生性影响  

Quantitative Abundance and its Effect on Antagonism Against Colletotrichum gloeosphorioides and Growth Promotion of Bacteria in Soils of Amomum villosum Intercropping with Rubber Trees (Hevea brasiliensis)

作　　者：陈红梅 余东 罗虎 李维峰 杜华波 谭万忠 CHEN Hongmei;YU Dong;LUO Hu;LI Weifeng;DU Huabo;TAN Wanzhong(Natural Rubber Green Production Engineering Research Center of Universities in Yunnan,Pu’er,Yunnan 665000,China;College of Tropical Crops,Yunnan Agriculture University,Pu’er,Yunnan 665000,China;Jiangcheng Natural Rubber Co.Ltd.of Yunnan Natural Rubber Industry Group,Jiangcheng,Yunnan 665907,China)

机构地区：[1]云南高校天然橡胶绿色生产工程研究中心,云南普洱665000 [2]云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱665000 [3]云南天然橡胶产业集团江城有限公司,云南江城县665907

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2022年第12期1-7,共7页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：国家天然橡胶产业技术体系普洱综合试验站(No.CARS-ZD11);云南省高校天然橡胶绿色生产工程研究中心(No.2019RYPTS01);中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所省部重点实验室及科学观测实验站开放课题:橡胶林下间作砂仁对土壤特性及胶乳性质的影响(No.RRI-KLOF202101);乡村振兴专项—兴边富民(阳春砂仁良种推广和橡胶林下高产种植技术示范)。

摘　　要：近年来我国在主要橡胶林区开展橡胶林下种植砂仁研究和推广,已经取得较好经济效益,但对该种植模式的生态效益尚很少有研究报道。分析橡胶–砂仁间作土壤中细菌丰度及其对病原菌拮抗性和作物促生性的影响。经观察可知,随着砂仁种植年限不断增加,土壤质地变得越来越松软,粘性逐渐减弱,目测孔隙度增大,颜色变成灰黑色。结果显示,随着砂仁种植年限的增加,土壤中细菌体数量逐年增加,经过4年的砂仁种植后土壤细菌数量达到6.232×10^(9)cfu/mL,比未种植过砂仁的土壤细菌丰度提高了近7倍;种植砂仁3~4年的土壤细菌中可抑制砂仁炭疽病菌生长的细菌占26.0%,显著高于未种植砂仁土壤细菌中拮抗细菌的比例(18.7%,p<0.05);2种土壤中都存在着对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长有促生作用、抑制作用和无影响的细菌,但种植砂仁的土壤中对种子萌发和幼苗生长有明显促生作用的细菌量(39.3%和35.7%)极显著(p<0.01)高于未种植砂仁土壤(26.7%和23.3%)。橡胶林下种植砂仁可以明显改善土壤特性,增加土壤中细菌的丰富度,特别是提高可抑制砂仁炭疽病菌及对作物有促生作用的有益细菌数量。因此,橡胶间作砂仁模式可产生重要的生态效益。本研究结果为在我国广大橡胶林区进一步推广应用橡胶林间作砂仁模式提供了科学依据。The production system of inter-cropping amomum (Amomum villosum) with rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) has been studied and applied in rubber tree growing provinces in China and great economic benefit has been achieved.However,the ecological benefits of this production practice have not been fully recognized and rarely studied.The bacterial abundance and its effects on pathogen antagonism and crop growth in rubber-sand kernel intercropping soil were analyzed.A close observation of the soil samples from fields with 0-4 years of amomum growing demonstrated that,With the increasing of growing years,the soil texture became more loosened,less sticky,increased porocity and its color changed gradually from brown-red to gray-black.The bacteria abundance in the idle soil was reaching 6.232×10^(9) cfu·g–1after 4 years of amomum growing,which was 7 times higher than that of neither growing amomum.From 3-4 years of amomum growing soil,26%were antagonists against C.gloeosporioides,but only 18.7%of the bacteria from idle soil were shown antagonistic to this pathogen,both were significant different (p<0.05) statistically;When tested in vitro with wheat seeds,there were plant growth promotive,neutral and suppressive bacteria in both the soils,but the proportions of bacteria with seed germination and seedling growth promotion activities were extremely and significantly higher (p<0.01) in the amomum growing soil (39.3%and 35.7%)than in the idle soil (26.7%and 23.3%).It can be concluded from these results that inter-cropping amomum with rubber trees improved the soil texture and humus contents,increased abundance of soil-borne bacteria,especially the pathogen-antagonistic and plant growth-promotive bacteria.Therefore,this under-forest inter-cropping system can achieve great ecological benefits and can be employed extensively in the rubber tree growing areas in China.

关 键 词：砂仁-橡胶间作 土壤细菌 砂仁炭疽病菌 拮抗作用 小麦促生性 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学] S476.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]