影响云南柑橘果面颜值的主要病虫害发生及绿色防控策略  

Occurrence and Green Control of Main Diseases and Insect Pests on Citrus Fruit Surface in Yunnan Province

作　　者：王自然[1] 杨建东[1] 毛加梅[1] 郭俊[1] 李晶[1] 杨帆[1] 岳建强[1] WANG Ziran;YANG Jiandong;MAO Jiamei;GUO Jun;LI Jing;YANG Fan;YUE Jianqiang(Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Dehong,Yunnan 678600,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所,云南德宏678600

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2022年第12期86-91,共6页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：科技入滇项目(No.202003AD150014);云南省王进军专家工作站(No.202105AF150071);云南省科技厅重大科技专项(No.202102AE090054);现代农业(柑橘)产业技术体系柠檬综合试验站建设专项(No.CARS-27)。

摘　　要：跟踪调查影响云南沃柑、冰糖橙和柠檬3种特色柑橘果面颜值的因子。明确了造成柑橘果面缺陷的原因有病害因子、虫害因子、药害因子、机械损伤和环境污染五大类,其中虫害因子造成果面伤口或斑痕占61.67%,主要为柑橘锈壁虱、蓟马危害造成;其次是病害因子造成果面伤果斑点、斑痕占27.87%,主要为灰霉病危害造成;再次为幼果期枝条、叶片和幼果摩擦造成的机械损伤占4.13%。影响柑橘果实颜值的病害因子主要有溃疡病、疮痂病、褐斑病、炭疽病、灰霉病、沙皮病和黑星病7种;影响柑橘果实颜值的虫害因子主要有柑橘红蜘蛛、柑橘黄蜘蛛、柑橘锈壁虱、矢尖蚧、糠片蚧、褐圆蚧、柑橘小粉蚧、蓟马属、柑橘小实蝇和柑橘大实蝇等10种。同时,掌握了主要病虫害影响因子的发生(危害)时期、传播(危害)方式等,结合多年的实践经验,从农业措施、化学防治、生物防治等方面提出了综合防治措施,以供产区生产实践参考,为云南柑橘安全生产、高颜值果品生产提供技术支持。We investigated the factors which caused the surface defects of citrus fruits including Mandarin, Rock Candy Orange and lemon. There were five kinds of defects on citrus fruit surface, which were disease factor, pest factor, pesticide factor,mechanical damage and environmental pollution. 61.67% of the defects were caused by pest factor, the main damage was caused by citrus rust tick and thrips, and the second was caused by disease factors, which accounted for 27.87% of fruit spots and marks, mainly caused by gray mold disease, the mechanical damage caused by the friction of branches, leaves and young fruits accounted for 4.13%. There were 7 kinds of disease factors affecting citrus fruit color, such as canker, scab, brown spot,anthracnose, gray mold, sand peel and black spot. There were 10 kinds of pests that affect the fruit color of citrus, such as citrus red spider, citrus yellow spider, citrus rust tick, Arrowhead scale, mycelial scale, brown scale, citrus mealy bug, thrips,citrus Bactrocera and citrus Bactrocera. At the same time, this paper clarified the occurrence(harm) period, spread(harm) way of the main disease and insect pest influence factor, combined with the practice experience of many years, put forward some comprehensive control measures from the agricultural control, the chemical control and the biological control,so as to provide reference and technical support for the safe production of citrus and high-face fruits in Yunnan province.

关 键 词：柑橘 果面 病虫害 影响因子 绿色防控技术 

分 类 号：S436.66[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]