广西旧石器晚期考古遗址新发现赭石的科技分析  

Scientific and Technological Analysis of Newly Discovered Ochre From Late Paleolithic Archaeological Sites in Guangxi

作　　者：李大伟 周广超 付倩丽 张尚欣[2] 赵克良[3] 王朝文 LI Da-wei;ZHOU Guang-chao;FU Qian-li;ZHANG Shang-xin;ZHAO Ke-liang;WANG Chao-wen(Guangxi Minzu University,Nanning 530006,China;Key Scientific Research Base of Ancient Polychrome Pottery Conservation(Emperor Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum Site Museum),Xi’an 710600,China;Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044,China;Gemmological Institute,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西民族大学,广西南宁530006 [2]陶质彩绘文物保护国家文物局重点科研基地(秦始皇帝陵博物院),陕西西安710600 [3]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京100044 [4]中国地质大学(武汉)珠宝学院,湖北武汉430007

出　　处：《光谱学与光谱分析》2023年第2期514-519,共6页Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(18CKG004);广西自然科学基金项目(2021GXNSFAA196010);广西高等学校千名中青年骨干教师培育计划项目(2022QGRW023)资助。

摘　　要：赭石的使用是现代人行为的标志之一,旧石器时代现代人对赭石的使用显示其对精神世界的追求,反映了旧石器时代现代人的认知能力。为更好研究中国区域考古遗址赭石的科学信息,本研究应用拉曼光谱、偏光显微、能谱分析,对广西新近发现的2个考古遗址(中山遗址和娅怀洞遗址)中的8个赭石样品开展了科学分析。中山遗址AMS测年结果显示该遗址年代距今约1.4万年,2个考古遗址石制品特征都属于旧石器晚期。拉曼光谱分析显示样品峰值主要在221,290,608和662 cm^(-1),显示样品中包含有赤铁矿;偏光显微分析显示所有赭石样品成分包含赤铁矿,未发现有朱砂等红色颜料;能谱分析显示样品化学元素组成中三氧化二铁为主,显示样品主要成分为赤铁矿。总体来看,中山遗址和娅怀洞遗址所发现的赭石成分以赤铁矿为主,未见其他红色颜料。对广西旧石器晚期新发现的赭石样品进行科学分析,中国南方古人类利用赭石的年代也可以进一步明确追溯至距今约1.4万年前(中山遗址)。该研究不仅为中国区域旧石器晚期赭石的科技分析数据提供了依据,也肯定了肉眼判断赭石原料的可靠性,为现代人行为与赭石利用的细致研究及利用提供了较为重要的潜在价值,同时为中国区域赭石的国际化研究提供较为重要的研究素材和科学数据。The use of ochre is one of the signs of modern people’s behavior,in addition to stone artifacts that can reflect modern people’s cognitive ability and other deep-seated spirituals.In order to better understand the scientific information of ochre in archaeological sites from China regional,we used Raman,polarized light microscopy,and EDX to analyze the ochre in two archaeological sites of the Late Paleolithic period(Zhongshanshan site and Yahuai Cave site).The AMS dating results of the Zhongshan site show that the age was about 14000 years ago,and the characteristics of the stone products of the two sites belong to the late Paleolithic period.Raman analysis showed that the peak values of all samples were consistent with ochre,the peak value was mainly 221 s,290 s,608 s and 662 m.Polarized light microscopic analysis showed that all samples were red ochre(oxide red).The sample is dark red under single polarizing light,with rounded edges.It is completely extinct under orthogonal slice light and has a large refractive index.The results showed that all ochre samples were mainly iron red,and no red pigments,such as cinnabar,were found.EDX analysis showed that all mineral samples contained Fe_(2)O_(3).The content of Fe_(2)O_(3)and SiO_(2)in chemical element composition is high,while the content of Al_(2)O_(3),CaO,TiO_(2),TiO_(2)is low.Through the analysis of the SiO_(2)content of samples,it is shown that the SiO_(2)content is positively correlated with their hardness.Generally speaking,the main components of ochre found at the three sites were iron red pigments,and no other red pigments were found.This study is the first Raman and polarized microscopic analysis of the late Paleolithic ochre in China.The use of ochre by ancient humans in southern China can be further clearly dated to about 14000 years ago(the Zhongshan site).The analysis of ochre materials from the two sites provides a basis for the scientific analysis data of late Paleolithic ochre in China and confirms the reliability of naked eye judgment of ochre

关 键 词：广西 旧石器晚期 赭石 拉曼 偏光显微 能谱 

分 类 号：P575[天文地球—矿物学]