实践自然观下侗寨理水智慧及其生态治理启示  

WATER MANAGEMENT WISDOM OF DONG VILLAGES AND ITS ENLIGHTENMENT ON ECOLOGICAL GOVERNANCE UNDER THE PRACTICAL VIEW OF NATURE

作　　者：黄梅[1] 乔杰[2,3,4] 于洋 段德罡[1,5] HUANG Mei;QIAO Jie;YU Yang;DUAN Degang

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学建筑学院 [2]华中科技大学建筑与城市规划学院 [3]湖北省民族地区乡村振兴研究与实训基地办公室 [4]湖北省城镇化工程技术研究中心 [5]中国城市规划学会乡村规划与建设学术委员会

出　　处：《城市规划》2023年第1期75-85,共11页City Planning Review

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目课题“传统村落乡土建筑改造利用适宜性关键技术”(2020YFC1522303);国家自然科学基金“黄土高原传统村落绿色水基础设施规划关键技术方法研究”(51808425)及“武陵山区乡村小流域‘产业-空间’组织模型研究”(52008179)。

摘　　要：水环境治理问题是我国农村人居环境整治中的突出短板。传统村落具有丰富的理水生态实践经验,同时也面临着现代化进程带来的水生态危机。研究基于中国传统生态智慧与马克思实践自然观的辩证统一关系,结合黔东南都柳江流域30多个侗寨的跟踪调查,首先,从生产主义时期生态循环传统断裂、功能主义下流域自调节能力下降、经济理性下水“生态-社会”系统失衡的新“生产-交往-个体”实践中剖析了侗寨面临的理水生态危机;其次,通过“实践-历史-资本”理论关系解析了侗寨水生态危机产生的根源:标准化现代工程实践对地方性知识的忽视、生态文化价值认知不足下的功能空间异化、农业生命逻辑缺失下的现代生态制度失范;最后,从融入地方性知识的现代水生态基础设施建设、顺应流域多尺度生态规律的功能空间活化、加强村民主体意识的水“生态-社会”系统共治3个方向提出新时期侗寨水环境治理的建议,以期更好地适应乡村生态文明建设的需要。Water environment governance is an obvious wink link in rural human settlements improvement in China.Ethnic regions,which have rich practical experience in water ecological governance,face the water ecological crisis brought by the modernization process.This paper is based on the dialectical unity between Marx’s practical view of nature and traditional Chinese ecological wisdom,as well as the tracking investigation of more than 30 Dong villages in the Duliu River Basin in southeast Guizhou Province.Firstly,the paper analyzes the water ecological crisis that Dong villages face in the context of the promotion of modernity from new“production-interaction-individual”practices,including the traditional fracture of ecological cycle in the period of productivism,the decline of self-regulation ability of the river basin under functionalism,and the imbalance of water“ecosocial”system under economic rationality.Then based on the theoretical“practice-history-capital”relationship,it examines the root causes of the water ecological crisis:neglect of local knowledge in standardized modern engineering practice,alienation of functional space due to failing to fully recognize ecological cultural value,and anomia of the modern ecological system due to the lack of agricultural life logic.Finally,it puts forward suggestions from three aspects on water environment governance of Dong villages in the new era:building modern water ecological infrastructure based on local knowledge,activating functional space based on conforming to the multi-scale ecological laws of the river basin,and achieving co-governance of the water“ecosocial”system by strengthening villagers’sense of participation,in order to better adapt to the needs of rural ecological civilization construction.

关 键 词：农村人居环境 实践自然观 理水智慧 生态治理 黔东南侗寨 

分 类 号：TU982.29[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]