美国新政时期的规划治理转型  

TRANSFORMATION OF PLANNING GOVERNANCE DURING THE NEW DEAL PERIOD IN THE UNITED STATES

作　　者：万雍曼 武廷海[1,2,3] WAN Yongman;WU Tinghai

机构地区：[1]清华大学建筑学院 [2]清华大学城市规划系 [3]中国城市规划学会

出　　处：《城市规划》2023年第1期105-114,共10页City Planning Review

摘　　要：美国新政时期,联邦政府第一次运用“国家规划”来干预资源配置,规划成为国家治理工具。国家资源规划委员会作为国家规划的主要推行机构建立了包含生态保护、资源开发、经济建设和社会保障等方面的多元目标,以及包括全国、区域、州和城市多个层级的规划体系。在美国自由体制下,国家资源规划委员会仅存续了十年,但是体现了规划从物质建设、技术工具到社会经济综合规划、公共政策的转折性变化,美国空间规划体系雏形初现。剖析美国国家资源规划委员会的演进历程、组织架构和规划内容,探讨国家规划成败的经验,以期对中国规划体系改革,以及国际规划历史与理论研究有所裨益。During the New Deal period in the United States,the federal government,for the first time,used“national planning”to intervene in resource allocation,making planning a tool of national governance.The National Resources Planning Board(NRPB),as the main enforcement agency of national planning,established a planning system with multiple objectives and covering four levels of nation,region,state,and city.Although the NRPB had existed for only ten years under the American Liberty System,it demonstrated the transition of planning from focusing on physical construction to acting as socio-economic comprehensive planning and from a technical tool to a public policy,and it led to the formation of American spatial planning system.This paper analyzes the evolution,organizational structure,and planning content of the NRPB,and discusses the experience and lessons of the national planning,hoping to provide useful reference for the reform of Chinese planning system and the research on the historical and theoretical development of international planning.

关 键 词：美国 国家资源规划委员会 空间规划 规划史 规划治理 

分 类 号：TU982[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]