后效射孔技术地面试验及海上油田应用研究  

Ground tests of aftereffect perforation technology and its application research in offshore oilfield

作　　者：左坤 覃建宇 张永涛 张强 田峥 ZUO Kun;QIN Jianyu;ZHANG Yongtao;ZHANG Qiang;TIAN Zheng(Shenzhen Branch,CNOOC Limited(China),Shenzhen 518067,Guangdong)

机构地区：[1]中海石油(中国)有限公司深圳分公司,广东深圳518067

出　　处：《长江大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第1期80-86,共7页Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家科技重大专项“南海东部海域勘探新领域及关键技术”(2016ZX05024-004);中海油科技项目“南海东部油田上产2000万吨关键技术研究”(CNOOC-KJ135ZDX7SZ05SZ)。

摘　　要：射孔工艺技术的选择关系着射孔质量的好坏,直接影响着油气井的产能及后续改造措施的效果。针对目前常用的射孔技术普遍存在的射孔压实带地层污染严重、射孔能量利用率不高、安全隐患大及成本昂贵等问题,采用后效射孔技术,即采用双靶向高速金属射流爆燃和云雾化高能粒子螺旋爆轰震荡双重射孔方法,扩大孔径,瓦解孔眼周围压实层,减少孔道周围地层压实污染,增加孔眼导流能力。在地面上开展了钢靶试验、标准混凝土靶试验和渗流试验3种不同类别的试验,以研究后效射孔技术的可行性,钢靶试验后效射孔所形成的射孔孔径增大22.6%,孔道容积增加44.9%;标准混凝土靶试验后效射孔所形成的射孔深度增加22.3%,孔径增加19.2%,后效射孔形成的孔道周围为均匀开放的状态;渗流效果试验后效射孔形成的孔道流动效率比常规射孔形成的孔道提高了38.0%。后效射孔技术在海上油田应用效果表明,东海油田M井采用后效射孔技术后地层表皮系数降低了78.6%;南海东部油田T井采用后效射孔技术后日产油量超出预期计划的6.5倍,显著提升了油田产量,具有广阔的应用前景。The selection of perforation technology is related to the quality of perforation, which directly affects the production capacity of the oil and gas well and the effect of the follow-up measures.At present, the commonly-used perforation technology generally has such problems as serious formation contamination with perforating compaction, low perforation energy utilization, safety hazards and high cost.In order to solve the problems, aftereffect perforation technology was adopted, that is, the perforation method of double-target with high-speed metal jet and spiral detonation and oscillating waves produced of clouded high energy particles was adopted to expand the pore size, disintegrate the compaction layer around the pore, reduce the perforating compaction contamination of the formation around the pore, and increase the conductivity of the pore.Steel target test, standard concrete target test and seepage test were carried out on the ground to study the feasibility of aftereffect perforation technology.It suggests that in steel target test the perforated pore diameter increases by 22.6% and the pore volume increases by 44.9%;in standard concrete target test the pore depth increases by 22.3%, the pore diameter increases by 19.2%, and the channel formed by the after-effect perforation is uniformly open;the flow efficiency increases by 38.0% in seepage test after using aftereffect perforation technology compared with conventional perforation technology.The application of aftereffect perforation technology in offshore oilfield shows that the formation skin factor of well M is reduced by 78.6% after using aftereffect perforation technology in East China Sea oilfield and the daily oil production of well T is 6.5 times higher than expected after using aftereffect perforation technology in Eastern South China Sea oilfield.In a word, this technique significantly increases oilfield production and has a broad application prospect.

关 键 词：后效射孔 地面试验 射孔孔径 流动效率 表皮系数 

分 类 号：TE257.1[石油与天然气工程—油气井工程]