小浪底水库2018—2020年排沙运用效果研究  

Effect of Sediment Discharge in Xiaolangdi Reservoir from 2018 to 2020

作　　者：王婷[1,2] 马怀宝 王远见[1,2] 任智慧 王子路[1,2] WANG Ting;MA Huaibao;WANG Yuanjian;REN Zhihui;WANG Zilu(Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Key Laboratory of Lower Yellow River Channel and Estuary Regulation,MWR,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河水利科学研究院,河南郑州450003 [2]水利部黄河下游河道与河口治理重点实验室,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《人民黄河》2023年第2期47-51,共5页Yellow River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3200400);黄河水科学研究联合基金项目(U2243241);河南省自然科学基金项目(222300420495,202300410540);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(HKY-JBYW-2022-06,HKY-JBYW-2019-13)。

摘　　要：2018—2020年为黄河丰水年份,小浪底水库前汛期、洪水期均开展了较长时间低水位排沙运用,取得了较好的排沙效果。3个汛期小浪底水库低水位排沙运用历时合计为95 d,低水位运用期间水库排沙合计为12.272亿t,占水库运用以来排沙量的51.7%。库区干流整体发生强烈冲刷,塑造形成明显滩槽。2018年4月—2020年10月库区干流河槽共冲刷2.823亿m^(3),库区干流滩地共淤积泥沙0.868亿m^(3)。2020年汛后干流最大河槽宽度约930 m,干流槽库容为5.212亿m^(3)。较大的河槽意味着较大的过流能力,后续含沙水流漫滩机会及漫滩量减少。2021年汛期泥沙主要淤积在河槽,淤积量为1.281亿m^(3)。建议洪水期小浪底水库继续开展低水位排沙运用,长期保持库区较大河槽,有利于水库排沙,同时减缓滩面抬升速度。2018-2020 was the period of abundant water in the Yellow River. Sediment discharge at low water level was carried out for a long period of time in Xiaolangdi Reservoir. The operation of low water levels in three flood seasons lasted 95 days. The sediment discharge of the reservoir was 1.227 2 billion tons, accounting for 51.7% of the sediment discharge since the operation of the reservoir. The main stream of the reservoir was strongly scoured and floodplain and channel were formed. From April 2018 to October 2020, 282.3 million m^(3) of sediment was washed away in the mainstream channel and 86.8 million m^(3) of sediment was deposited in the mainstream floodplain of the reservoir. After the flood in 2020, the maximum width of channel was about 930 m and the channel capacity was 521.2 million m^(3). A larger channel meant a larger flow capacity and the chance of flood flow over floodplain was reduced. In the 2021 flood season, the sediment was mainly deposited in the river channel and the deposition amount was 128.1 million m^(3). During flood season, it is recommended that Xiaolangdi Project should carry out low water level operation so as to maintain a larger river channel for a long time, increase sediment discharge and slow down the rate of beach uplift.

关 键 词：小浪底水库 排沙 调度 淤积形态 

分 类 号：TV145[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学] TV882.1