转向节多轴虚拟试验台架载荷谱应用研究  

APPLICATION RESEARCH ON LOAD SPECTRUM OF STEERING KNUCKLE MULTI-AXIS VIRTUAL TEST BENCH

作　　者：杜建 黄丽美 魏敏先 董国疆[2] DU Jian;HUANG LiMei;WEI MinXian;DONG GuoJian(Test Center of SANY Heavy Machine Co.,Ltd.,Kunshan 215300,China;Hebei Key Laboratory of Special Delivery Equipment,Yanshan University,Qinhuangdao 066004,China)

机构地区：[1]三一重机试验检测中心,昆山215300 [2]河北省特种运载装备重点实验室(燕山大学),秦皇岛066004

出　　处：《机械强度》2023年第1期198-208,共11页Journal of Mechanical Strength

基　　金：河北省自然科学基金面上项目(E2019203418)资助。

摘　　要：不同类型的台架载荷谱对转向节的疲劳损伤影响规律有所不同,因此探求精确的载荷谱编辑方法仍是亟待解决的重要问题。以经过校验后试验场载荷谱为数据来源,简化了冗余的转向节耐久规范;通过悬架运动学及柔顺性(Kinematics Compliance, KC)试验和虚拟迭代法,从静态与动态验证了整车多体动力学模型的准确性;采用时域编辑法,生成了保留时域与频域特征的转向节台架随机谱;基于损伤等效原则创建了转向节四级台架程序谱;从统计转向节关键点各方向的伪损伤值占比出发,以转向节模态试验验证后的有限元模型为载体,搭建了转向节多轴虚拟台架;应用模态应力恢复法,讨论分析转向节虚拟台架下的原始谱、台架随机谱、台架程序谱对其疲劳损伤的影响,结果表明三者激励下的转向节疲劳损伤分布保持一致,台架随机谱与台架程序谱较原始谱最大损伤比分别为0.75和1.7,验证了台架载荷谱编辑方法的准确性,说明了转向节虚拟台架的工程实用性;最后,通过虚拟台架传递矩阵确定了引起转向节疲劳损伤的载荷与道路类型,为结构改进提供数据支撑。To explore an accurate load spectrum editing method and discover the influence of different types of bench load spectrum on steering knuckle fatigue damage, the verified test field load spectrum was used as the data source and the knuckle endurance specification was simplified. The multi-body dynamics model of the vehicle was verified by the Kinematics Compliance(KC) test of the suspension and virtual iteration method. The bench random spectrum with the features of time and frequency domain was created by the domain editing method. Four-stage bench program spectrum was generated by damge equivalence principle. According to the result of the statistical knuckle’s pseudo damage in all directions and the modal test, the knuckle multi-axis virtual bench was built. The modal stress recovery method is used to compare the fatigue damage under the steering knuckle of the original spectrum, the bench random spectrum, and the bench program spectrum. The result shows that the damage distribution under the three excitations is consistent. The maximum damage ratios of the bench random spectrum and bench program spectrum to the original spectrum were 0.75 and 1.7, the accuracy of the load spectrum editing method and the engineering practicability of the virtual bench are verified. Finally, the load type of the steering knuckle fatigue damage and the road type were determined through the virtual bench transfer matrix, which provides data support for structural improvement.

关 键 词：转向节 多体动力学 虚拟迭代 台架试验 载荷谱 疲劳损伤 

分 类 号：U463.1[机械工程—车辆工程]