高校科技成果转化现实障碍及其破解机制  

The Realistic Obstacles of the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements in Universities and Its Cracking Mechanism

作　　者：宗倩倩 Zong Qianqian(Law school,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学法学院,北京100875

出　　处：《科技进步与对策》2023年第4期106-113,共8页Science & Technology Progress and Policy

基　　金：北京师范大学法学院专项科研基金项目(2021LAW007)。

摘　　要：高校科技成果转化率低的现实早已引起社会各界警觉,但理论研究和实践探索都将权属改革视为破解圭臬,并未实现预期目标。事实上,高校科技成果转化的真正障碍是专利技术水平和转化价值低、专业转化人才与机构缺失、中试环节薄弱且资金匮乏。因此,为了针对高校成果转化痛点精准施策,释放创新驱动效能,我国应改革专利管理体制和科研评价机制,提升专利质量并加大科学研究对企业需求的关照;可借鉴牛津大学的做法,由高校在不增加编制的前提下,独资建立自负盈亏的专业转化服务公司;优化科研经费投入结构,引导多元风险资金进入,健全科技成果转化风险投资机制。Universities are important frontier scientific research centers and scientific and technological innovation bases in China,and they have produced abundant research achievements.The low transformation rate of scientific and technological achievements in universities is also a major problem that has existed for a long time in China but has not been well solved,which has aroused great concerns of all social fields.By reviewing relevant literature,it can be found that the existing research focuses on the success of the Bayh-Dole Act reform only on the ownership of property rights,and directly attributes the improvement of the transformation rate of American universities to the ownership rules established by the Bayh-Dole Act,regard the patent ownership reform of scientific and technological achievements as a panacea to be out of the transformation dilemma,and continue to make great contributions to the ownership reform with the help of the theory of property rights,and suggest that researchers should be fully empowered to stimulate their enthusiasm to participate in the transformation,especially the"mixed ownership"reform developed by Southwest Jiaotong University.In addition,the research results of academia have also been successfully extended and penetrated into practical operations,and relevant practical explorations have been actively carried out across the country,which have been recognized on the national level to some extent.However,existing studies have shown that the current popular"mixed ownership"reform has no significant positive effect on patent increment,quality and transformation,and its legitimacy is questionable.On the contrary,the empirical studies show that the innovation output of universities will not continue to grow with the increase of incentives.According to the rule of"diminishing marginal utility"of incentives,when the incentives reach a certain level,there is little effect on the output and transformation of scientific and technological achievements by continuing to increase the incentives

关 键 词：科技成果转化 专利权属 专利质量 专业转化机构 风险投资机制 

分 类 号：G644[文化科学—高等教育学]