基于EMD分解的爆破振动信号主成分提取与分析  

Extraction and analysis of principal components of blasting vibration signal based on EMD decomposition

作　　者：张声辉 高文学[1] 刘江超 李小帅[1] 胡宇[1] 张小军[1] ZHANG Sheng-hui;GAO Wen-xue;LIU Jiang-chao;LI Xiao-shuai;HU Yu;ZHANG Xiao-jun(Faculty of Architecture,Civil and Transportation Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学城市建设学部,北京100124

出　　处：《工程爆破》2022年第6期8-14,共7页Engineering Blasting

基　　金：国家重点研发计划"科技冬奥"重点基金资助项目(2018YFF0300205)。

摘　　要：爆破振动信号由于受到复杂环境条件的影响,具有瞬时非平稳性的特点,结合希尔伯特-黄变换(HHT)分析方法自适应性好的优点,通过经验模态分解(EMD)算法对崇礼国家跳台滑雪中心边坡爆破振动信号主成分进行了提取与分析研究。结果表明:EMD分解的各阶IMF分量呈现出一定尺度范围的模态,可以去除高频噪声和低频趋势项来实现爆破振动信号主成分的重点提取;爆破振动信号能量主要在60 Hz以下的低频段和0.1~0.3 s的时间段,提取主成分后的爆破振动信号频率分布稍有变窄,在10 Hz以下的边际能量显著降低,瞬时能量和振动速度曲线整体过渡性光滑度有所提高,峰值误差相对较小。因此,获取爆破振动信号主成分,可提高信号的局部时频特征,以准确评估建(构)筑物的爆破振动,并为保证爆破施工安全与边坡稳定提供参考依据。The blasting vibration signal has the characteristics of instantaneous non-stationary due to the influence of complex environmental conditions. Combining the advantages of Hilbert-Huang transform(HHT) analysis method with good adaptability, the principal components of the slope blasting vibration signal of Chongli National Ski Jumping Center are extracted and analyzed by the empirical mode decomposition(EMD) algorithm. The results show that each order of IMF components decomposed by EMD presents a certain scale range of modes, which can remove high-frequency noise and low-frequency trend terms to achieve the key extraction of principal components of blasting vibration signals. The energy of the blasting vibration signal is mainly in the low frequency range below 60 Hz and the time period of 0.1~0.3 s. The frequency distribution of the blasting vibration signal after extracting the principal components is slightly narrowed, and the marginal energy below 10 Hz is significantly reduced. The overall transitional smoothness of the instantaneous energy and vibration velocity curve are improved, and the peak error is relatively small. Therefore, obtaining the main components of the blasting vibration signal can improve the local time-frequency characteristics of the signal to accurately assess the blasting vibration of the building(structure) and provide a reference for ensuring the safety of blasting construction and the stability of the slope.

关 键 词：爆破振动 HHT变换 EMD分解 主成分提取 能量 

分 类 号：TU751.9[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]