几种植物生长调节剂对棉花耐高温性能的调控效应  

Modulatory effects of several plant growth regulators on the high temperature tolerance of cotton

作　　者：段佳豪 杨锍琰 刘星科 杜康[1] 刘扬 王友华[1] 胡伟[1] 陈兵林[1] 孟亚利[1] 赵文青 Duan Jiahao;Yang Liuyan;Liu Xingke;Du Kang;Liu Yang;Wang Youhua;Hu Wei;Chen Binglin;Meng Yali;Zhao Wenqing(College of Agriculture,Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Management,Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-sponsored by Province and Ministry,Nanjing 210095,China;School of Agriculture,Shihezi University/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832003,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学农学院/农业农村部作物生理生态与生产管理重点实验室/现代作物生产省部共建协同创新中心,南京210095 [2]石河子大学农学院/新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《棉花学报》2022年第6期494-507,共14页Cotton Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“大田经济作物优质丰产的生理基础与调控”(2018YFD1000900);江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(KYCX22_0727);现代作物生产省部共建协同创新中心(CIC-MCP)。

摘　　要：【目的】在苗期筛选提高棉花耐高温能力的植物生长调节剂及其适宜浓度,并明确其在棉花花铃期对高温胁迫的缓解效应。【方法】以中棉425为供试品种,设置常温(平均温度为28℃,最高温、最低温分别为32℃、24℃)和高温(平均温度为38℃,最高温、最低温分别为42℃、34℃)2种温度处理;苗期设置清水对照,200、400、600μmol·L^(-1)1-甲基环丙烯(1-methylcyclopropene,1-MCP),0.01、0.02、0.05μmol·L^(-1)冠菌素(coronatine,COR)和0.5、1.0、2.0μmol·L^(-1)2,4-表油菜素内酯(2,4-epibrassinolide,EBR)喷施处理;花铃期设置清水对照和400μmol·L^(-1)1-MCP喷施处理。探究常温和高温处理下,不同生长调节剂对棉花干物质质量、叶片光合特性、叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶活性、产量及纤维品质等的影响。【结果】适宜浓度的3种植物生长调节剂均能在一定程度上提高棉花的耐高温能力。苗期高温胁迫下,与清水处理相比,喷施400μmol·L^(-1)1-MCP可显著提高棉花地上部及地下部的干物质质量,提高新展开叶的净光合速率、叶绿素a和叶绿素b的含量、抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶)活性,降低丙二醛含量。主成分分析表明400μmol·L^(-1)1-MCP可有效提高棉花的耐高温能力。此外,花铃期高温胁迫下,与喷施清水相比,喷施400μmol·L^(-1)1-MCP能显著提高棉铃对位叶的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率,提高棉花单株结铃数、铃重、单株籽棉产量及纤维品质。【结论】400μmol·L^(-1)1-MCP能通过提高棉花叶片叶绿素含量、光合能力和抗氧化酶活性,减少丙二醛等有害物质的积累,从而增强棉花耐高温能力,在一定程度上提高棉花产量和纤维品质。[Objective]At the seedling stage,plant growth regulators and their appropriate concentrations were screened to improve the high temperature tolerance of cotton,and the alleviating effects were determined at the flowering and boll setting stage.[Method]In this study,the cotton cultivar Zhongmian 425 was selected as the test material.Two kinds of temperature treatments were set:normal temperature(average temperature was 28℃,and maximum/minimum temperature were 24℃/32℃)and high temperature(average temperature was 38℃,and maximum/minimum temperature were 42℃/34℃).Water,200,400,600μmol·L^(-1)1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP),0.01,0.02,0.05μmol·L^(-1)coronidine(COR)and 0.5,1.0,2.0μmol·L^(-1)2,4-epibrassinolide(EBR)spraying treatments were set at the seedling stage.Water and 400μmol·L^(-1)1-MCP spraying treatment were set at the flowering and boll setting stage.The effects of different plant growth regulators on the dry mass,leaf photosynthetic characteristics,chlorophyll content,antioxidant enzyme activity,yield and fiber quality of cotton under the normal temperature and high temperature conditions were explored.[Result]The results showed that the suitable concentrations of three plant growth regulators could improve the high temperature tolerance of cotton.Under high temperature stress at the seedling stage,compared with water treatment,spraying 400μmol·L^(-1)1-MCP could significantly increase the dry mass of aboveground and underground parts of cotton,and increase the net photosynthetic rate,the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b,and the activities of antioxidant enzymes(superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,glutathione peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase),and decrease malondialdehyde content in newly expanded cotton leaves.Principal component analysis proved that400μmol·L^(-1)1-MCP could effectively improve the high temperature tolerance of cotton.Meanwhile,under high temperature stress at the flowering and boll setting stage,spraying 400μmol·L^(-1)1-MCP could significantly improve the net ph

关 键 词：棉花 高温胁迫 植物生长调节剂 耐高温能力 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]