六盘山华北落叶松林的结构随林龄变化及其水文影响  

The Variation of Stand Structure with Age and Its Hydrological Effects of Larch Plantation in Liupan Mountains

作　　者：徐小勤 于澎涛[1] 王彦辉[1] 徐丽宏 于艺鹏 刘泽彬[1] XU Xiao-qin;YU Peng-tao;WANG Yan-hui;XU Li-hong;YU Yi-peng;LIU Ze-bin(Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所,北京100091

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2023年第1期109-116,共8页Forest Research

基　　金：中国林业科学研究院基金项目(CAFYBB2021ZW002);国家自然科学基金项目(U20A2085,U21A2005,42161144008,41971038,32171559)。

摘　　要：[目的]探讨林分结构随林龄的变化及其所带来的水文影响,为六盘山半干旱区森林植被建设和经营管理提供理论依据。[方法]在六盘山半干旱区叠叠沟小流域,以主要人工林类型—华北落叶松人工林为研究对象,基于1993—2002年的日气象数据,应用林分结构耦合模型和BROOK90生态水文模型,通过情景模拟,得到植被结构(平均树高、胸径、郁闭度、LAI)随林龄的变化,及其对水分平衡分量(截留量、蒸腾量、土壤蒸发量、产流量)的影响。[结果]华北落叶松林随林龄的增加可分为快速生长期(林龄5~15 a)、缓慢生长期(林龄15~40 a)和稳定期(林龄大于40 a)。在快速生长期,林分平均树高、平均胸径、郁闭度和冠层LAI均随林龄的增加而快速增大,年均增长率分别为0.48 m·a^(-1)、0.54 cm·a^(-1)、0.03、0.19;在缓慢生长期,林分平均树高、平均胸径和郁闭度呈缓慢增大趋势,而冠层LAI则呈先增大后减小的趋势;在稳定期,林分结构基本稳定。在快速生长期,年均截留量和蒸腾量随林龄增加而快速增大,年均增长率分别为1.91、24.13 mm·a^(-1);年均土壤蒸发量和产流量随林龄增加快速减小,其年均减小速率为10.58、14.88 mm·a^(-1)。在缓慢生长期,年均蒸腾量、土壤蒸发量和产流量随林龄的变化减慢,并在林龄30 a时趋于稳定,其年均变化率分别为0.62、-0.75、-0.76 mm·a^(-1)。[结论]六盘山半干旱区华北落叶松人工林在林龄小于30 a,特别是林龄小于15 a时,林分结构不断变化,显著影响人工林的生态水文功能。在林龄30 a后,林分结构稳定,水分平衡分量也趋于稳定,在林水综合管理中可不必再考虑林龄的影响。[Objective]To study the change of stand structure with age and its hydrological influence,and provide a theoretical basis for forest vegetation construction and management in the semi-arid area,Liupan Mountains.[Method]The main plantation type--Larix principis-rupprechtii(Larch)plantation was selected in Diediediegou small watershed in the semi-arid area,Liupan Mountains.Based on daily meteorological data from 1993—2002,both the coupled stand structure model and BROOK90,an ecohydrological model were applied to simulate the variation of stand structures(average tree height,diameter at breast height(DBH),canopy density and leaf area index(LAI))with plantation age,and then its effects on each water balance component(interception,transpiration,soil evaporation and runoff)were obtained.[Result]The Larch plantation could be divided into rapid growth period(5~15 years old),slow growth period(15~40years old)and stable period(over 40 years old)with the increase of age.During the rapid growth period,the average tree height,average DBH,canopy density and canopy LAI increased rapidly with the increase of age,with an average annual growth rate of 0.48 m·a^(-1),0.54 cm·a^(-1),0.03 and 0.19,respectively.During the slow growth period,the average stand tree height,DBH and canopy density increased slowly,while the LAI increased first and then decreased.But during the stable period,the stand structures did not change significantly.In the fast growth period,the average annual interception and transpiration increased rapidly with the increase of age,and the rate was 1.91 and 24.13 mm·a^(-1),respectively.Meanwhile,the average annual soil evaporation and water yield decreased rapidly with the increase of age,and the decrease rate was 10.58 and 14.88 mm·a^(-1),respectively.In the slow growth period,the change of average annual transpiration,soil evaporation and runoff with age slowed down,and tended to be stable when the age was 30years.The average annual change rates were 0.62,-0.75 and-0.76 mm·a^(-1),respectively.[Conclusion]In

关 键 词：华北落叶松林 林龄 水文功能 BROOK90模型 

分 类 号：S718.54[农业科学—林学] S715