8种寄主幼树对美国白蛾幼虫生长发育及营养效应的影响  

Effects of 8 Host Young Trees on Growth,Development and Nutritional Efficiency of Hyphantria cunea Larvae

作　　者：张书曼 方静 赵佳齐 王楷 任英杰 孟昭军[1] 严善春[1] ZHANG Shu-man;FANG Jing;ZHAO Jia-qi;WANG Kai;REN Ying-jie;MENG Zhao-jun;YAN Shan-chun(Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management(Northeast Forestry University),Ministry of Education,Heilongjiang,Harbin,150040)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学森林生态系统可持续经营教育部重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2023年第1期124-131,共8页Forest Research

基　　金：国家十四五重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1400300)资助。

摘　　要：[目的]探究美国白蛾(Hyphantria cunea)对不同寄主幼树的适生性,科学保护林木、防控美国白蛾。[方法]以东北地区广泛分布及栽植的8种树(家榆、胡桃楸、旱柳、白桦、水曲柳、长白落叶松、山槐、紫椴)为实验对象,室内饲养并测定美国白蛾幼虫取食不同寄主幼树叶片后的生长发育和营养效应指标。[结果]取食家榆和胡桃楸的美国白蛾幼虫存活率较高,其次是水曲柳、旱柳和紫椴;取食长白落叶松的较低,其次是山槐。取食家榆和胡桃楸的美国白蛾幼虫体重、体长、头壳宽数值较高,其次是水曲柳、紫椴;取食山槐的较低,其次是白桦。取食胡桃楸、家榆、水曲柳的美国白蛾幼虫化蛹率、羽化率数值较高,发育历期较短,其次是紫椴;取食长白落叶松和山槐不能化蛹,取食白桦、山槐、长白落叶松的不能羽化且发育历期较长。美国白蛾幼虫对家榆、胡桃楸、水曲柳取食量较大,其次是紫椴、旱柳;取食家榆和胡桃楸的幼虫食物利用率和食物转换率均处于较高水平,其次是紫椴、水曲柳;幼虫对山槐和白桦的取食量较低,其食物利用率和食物转换率均处于较低水平;幼虫食物消耗率与其食物利用率和食物转换率结果相反。[结论]家榆和胡桃楸较适合美国白蛾幼虫生长发育,其次是水曲柳、紫椴;而长白落叶松、山槐不适于其生长;表明美国白蛾对多种寄主有不同的适生性和营养利用策略。[Objects]To explore the adaptability of Hyphantria cunea to different host young trees,scientifically protect trees and prevent and control Hyphantria cunea.[Methods]Based on eight species of trees widely distributed and planted in Northeast China(Ulmus pumila,Juglans mandshurica,Salix matsudana,Betula platyphylla,Fraxinus mandshurica,Larix olgensis,Albizia kalkora,Tilia amurensis),the growth,development and nutritional effects of H.cunea larvae fed on leaves of different host young trees were measured.[Results]The survival rate of H.cunea larvae fed on U.pumila and J.mandshurica was the highest,followed by F.mandshurica,S.matsudana and T.amurensis;Feeding on L.olgensis was lower than A.kalkora.The larvae of H.cunea feeding on U.pumila and J.mandshurica had the highest values of weight,body length and head shell width,followed by F.mandshurica and T.amurensis;The feeding rate of A.kalkora was lower than B.platyphylla.The pupation rate and eclosion rate of H.cunea larvae fed on J.mandshurica,U.pumila and F.mandshurica were higher,and the development period was shorter,than T.amurensis;Feeding L.olgensis and A.kalkora could not pupate,and feeding B.platyphylla,A.kalkora and L.olgensis could not eclosion and had a long development period.H.cunea larvae fed the most on U.pumila,J.mandshurica and F.mandshurica,followed by T.amurensis and S.matsudana;The food utilization rate and food conversion rate of larvae feeding on U.pumila and J.mandshurica were at a high level,followed by T.amurensis and F.mandshurica;The larvae fed the lowest amount of A.kalkora and B.platyphylla,and their food utilization rate and food conversion rate were at the lowest level;The results of larval food consumption rate were contrary to their food utilization rate and food conversion rate.[Conclusion]U.pumila and J.mandshurica are more suitable for the growth and development of H.cunea larvae,followed by F.mandshurica and T.amurensis;However,L.olgensis and A.kalkora are not suitable for their growth;The results show that the H.cunea has differ

关 键 词：美国白蛾 寄主幼树 生长发育 营养效应 适生性 

分 类 号：S763.42[农业科学—森林保护学]