冀中地区高密种植条件下棉花药前群体大小和成熟度与化学脱叶催熟效果的关系  

Relationship between cotton population,maturity,and the efficacy of harvest aids under high-density planting conditions in Central Hebei province,China

作　　者：孟璐 杜明伟 黎芳 齐海坤 路正营[3] 徐东永 李存东[5] 张明才 田晓莉 李召虎 MENG Lu;DU Ming-Wei;LI Fang;QI Hai-Kun;LU Zheng-Ying;XU Dong-Yong;LI Cun-Dong;ZHANG Ming-Cai;TIAN Xiao-Li;LI Zhao-Hu(Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator,Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;High Latitude Crops Institute,Shanxi Agricultural University,Datong 037006,Shanxi,China;Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Handan 056001,Hebei,China;Hebei Cottonseed Engineering Technology Research Center,Hejian 062450,Hebei,China;College of Agronomy,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学院作物化控研究中心/植物生长调节剂教育部工程研究中心,北京100193 [2]山西农业大学高寒区作物研究所,山西大同037006 [3]邯郸市农业科学院,河北邯郸056001 [4]河北省棉花种子工程技术研究中心,河北河间062450 [5]河北农业大学农学院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《作物学报》2023年第4期1028-1038,共11页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-15-16);河北省重点研发计划项目(21326404D)资助。

摘　　要：化学脱叶催熟是棉花机械采收的前提,棉田药前群体大小和成熟度等显著影响脱叶催熟效果。本文于2016—2017年在河北省河间市开展研究,采用不同品种(中棉所60、欣抗4号)、种植密度(90,000、120,000株hm^(-2))和播期(4月20日、5月10日)塑造不同的群体,在此基础上应用50%噻苯·乙烯利悬浮剂(T·E)进行化学脱叶催熟,考察各因素对化学脱叶催熟效果的影响,并应用Spearman偏相关分析药前叶片数、吐絮率和叶铃比与药后脱叶率、残留叶片数及药后吐絮率的关系。结果表明,品种间的药前叶片数、吐絮率和叶铃比无显著差异;与90,000株hm^(-2)相比,120,000株hm^(-2)的药前叶片数多、吐絮率低;晚播棉的药前叶片数和叶铃比高于早播棉、吐絮率则低于早播棉。T·E的脱叶效果较好,2年药后21 d的脱叶率均高于90%、脱叶率药效接近或超过90%,残留叶片数为8.1~23.3片m^(-2);不同品种、密度和播期的脱叶率相当,但2017年120,000株hm^(-2)和晚播的残留叶片数分别多于90,000株hm^(-2)和早播。T·E的催熟效果欠佳,2年药后21 d的吐絮率低于70%、吐絮率药效不足25%;不同品种和密度的吐絮率相当,但晚播棉的吐絮率低于早播棉。相关分析结果表明,药后7、14、21 d的脱叶率和药效及残留叶片数与药前叶片数、吐絮率和叶铃比无关,但药后7、14、21 d的吐絮率与药前叶片数呈显著负相关(r=-0.393~–0.432)、与药前吐絮率呈显著正相关(r=0.558~0.862),吐絮率药效也与药前吐絮率呈显著正相关。综上,黄河流域棉区高密群体(90,000~120,000株hm^(-2))的化学脱叶效果较好,且与药前群体大小和成熟度等的关系较小;而化学催熟不充分,药后21 d的吐絮率达不到机采要求的95%,且对药前群体大小和成熟度的依赖性较强。通过合理密植和适期播种控制群体、促进早熟是改善棉花化学催熟效果的关键。Chemical defoliation and ripening is the premise of mechanical harvesting of cotton.The population size and maturity of cotton before defoliants significantly affect the efficacy of harvest aids.This field experiment was carried out in Hejian,Hebei in 2016 and 2017.Different varieties(CRI 60,Xinkang 4),planting densities(90,000 plants hm^(-2)and 120,000 plants hm^(-2)),and sowing dates(April 20 and May 10)were used to create different populations.Then,50%thidiazuron·ethephon suspension agent(T·E)was applied for defoliation and boll opening in late-September.The results showed that there were no differences in leaf number,boll opening percent and ratio of leaf to boll just prior to the application of T·E between two varieties,and 120,000 plants hm^(-2)had more leaves and lower percent of open bolls before T·E application compared with 90,000 plants hm^(-2).In addition,the late planting produced more leaves and higher ratio of leaf to boll,but lower percent of open bolls than early planting before T·E application.T·E enhanced leaf dropping powerfully,the defoliation was more than 90%at 21 days after T·E application in both years,and the defoliation efficacy was near or beyond 90%,while the number of residual leaves were 8.1–23.3 per square meter.The defoliation did not differ between varieties,plant densities,and sowing dates.However,the 120,000 plants hm^(-2)and late planting had more remained leaves than 90,000 plants hm^(-2)and early planting in 2017,respectively.In contrast to the excellent defoliation efficacy after T·E application,the efficacy of boll opening of T·E was less than 25%.At 21 days after T·E application,the percentage of open bolls was still lower than 70%in both years.Different varieties and plant densities had similar percent of boll opening,but the late sowing showed lower percent than early sowing.The Spearman partial correlation analysis showed that defoliation,defoliation efficacy and the number of remaining leaves at 7,14,and 21 days after the T·E treatment were not related to

关 键 词：棉花 群体特征 脱叶率 吐絮率 相关分析 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]