小麦豌豆间作对群体光合特性和生产力的影响  

Effects of wheat-pea intercropping on population photosynthetic characteristics and crops productivity

作　　者：吴香奇 刘博 张威 杨雪妮 郭子艳 刘铁宁[1] 张旭东[1] 韩清芳[1,2] WU Xiang-Qi;LIU Bo;ZHANG Wei;YANG Xue-Ni;GUO Zi-Yan;LIU Tie-Ning;ZHANG Xu-Dong;HAN Qing-Fang(Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Tillage in Northwest Loess Plateau,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Agronomy,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water and Soil Engineering in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas,Ministry of Education/China Research Institute of Water-Saving Agriculture in Arid Regions,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]教育部干旱半干旱地区农业水土工程重点实验室/西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《作物学报》2023年第4期1079-1089,共11页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：“十二五”国家高技术研究发展计划项目“作物生境过程光能利用调控技术”(2013AA102902);“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901102)资助。

摘　　要：为探究小麦和豌豆间作对群体光合特性和生产力的影响,本研究于2019—2021年在陕西关中地区开展田间试验,设置4行小麦+2行豌豆(W4P2)、2行小麦+2行豌豆(W2P2)两种条带种植处理,以单作小麦(CKW)和单作豌豆(CKP)为对照,分析了小麦和豌豆叶片净光合速率(Pn)、群体光合速率(CAP)、干物质累积及群体生产力等指标。结果表明:与单作相比,W2P2和W4P2间作处理显著提高了小麦叶片SPAD和Pn,但豌豆叶片SPAD和Pn不同程度降低。小麦与豌豆间作显著提高了花前群体光合速率,W4P2的CAP较其对照群体光合CAPCK42(2/3CAPCKW+1/3CAPCKP)增加6.2%~8.0%,而W2P2处理的CAP较其对照群体光合CAPCK22(1/2CAPCKW+1/2CAPCKP)增加6.2%~8.5%。与CKW相比,W4P2和W2P2间作处理单位面积小麦干物质积累能力显著增强,成熟期有效穗数和穗粒数显著提高,籽粒产量分别提高7.8%~9.4%和18.9%~19.0%;而与CKP相比,两间作处理的豌豆干物质积累和产量构成指标表现减弱趋势,籽粒产量分别降低9.9%~12.2%和6.8%~9.0%。竞争力评价表明,W4P2和W2P2间作处理土地当量比均高于1(W4P2:1.02;W2P2:1.06),表明小麦和豌豆间作提高了作物群体产量优势,且优势作物小麦相较于豌豆的侵占力在W2P2间作模式(0.27)高于W4P2(0.20)。综上,在小麦和豌豆间作系统中,窄带型(W2P2)相较于宽带型(W4P2)通过提高优势作物小麦的光合能力能够提高群体光合速率,促进群体对光资源的利用,进一步挖掘了复合群体生产优势。To investigate the effects of wheat and pea intercropping on population photosynthetic characteristics and productivity,a field experiment with two treatments[two strip cropping treatments of four rows of wheat+two rows of peas(W4P2),two rows of wheat+two rows of peas(W2P2),and single-crop wheat(CKW)and single-crop pea(CKP)as the controls]was conducted in Guanzhong region of Shaanxi Province from 2019 to 2021.The leaf photosynthetic rate(Pn),canopy apparent photosynthesis(CAP),dry matter accumulation and population productivity of wheat and pea were analyzed.The results showed that,compared with the monoculture,the W2P2 and W4P2 intercropping treatments significantly increased the SPAD and Pnof wheat leaves,but decreased the SPAD and Pnof pea leaves to different degrees.Intercropping wheat with peas significantly increased the preflowering population photosynthetic rate.The CAP of W4P2 increased by 6.2%–8.0%compared to its control population photosynthetic CAPCK42(2/3CAPCKW+1/3CAPCKP),while the CAP of W2P2 increased 6.2%–8.5%compared to its control population photosynthetic CAPCK22(1/2CAPCKW+1/2CAPCKP).Compared with CKW,the W4P2 and W2P2 intercropping treatments significantly enhanced the dry matter accumulation capacity per unit area of wheat,significantly increased the number of effective spikes and spikes at maturity stage,and increased the seed yield by 7.8%–9.4%and 18.9%–19.0%,respectively.Compared with CKP,the two intercropping treatments had a weakening trend in the dry matter accumulation and yield composition indexes of peas,and reduced the seed yield by 9.9%–12.2%and 6.8%–9.0%,respectively.The competitiveness evaluation revealed that the land equivalent ratios of W4P2 and W2P2 intercropping treatments were higher than 1(W4P2:1.02;W2P2:1.06),indicating that wheat and pea intercropping increased the crop population yield advantage and the encroachment of the dominant crop wheat compared to pea was higher in the W2P2 intercropping model(0.27)than in W4P2(0.20).In conclusion,in the wheat and pea

关 键 词：间作 群体光合 单叶光合 干物质 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S643.3