淡水池塘不同养殖品种养殖尾水排放周期内的水质动态变化  

Dynamic changes of water quality during wastewater discharge cycle of different aquaculture varieties

作　　者：徐嘉波 刘永士 施永海 袁新程 王建军 刘建忠 贾垂攀 XU Jiabo;LIU Yongshi;SHI Yonghai;YUAN Xincheng;WANG Jianjun;LIU Jianzhong;JIA Chuipan(Shanghai Fisheries Research Institute,Shanghai Fisheries Technical Extension Station,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市水产研究所,上海市水产技术推广站,上海200433

出　　处：《渔业现代化》2023年第1期26-33,共8页Fishery Modernization

基　　金：上海市科技兴农重点攻关项目(2019-02-08-00-07-F01130);上海长江口主要水生动物人工繁育工程技术研究中心(13DZ2251800);上海领军人才项目(沪人社专2021-67号);上海市农业领军人才项目(沪委农办2018-60号)。

摘　　要：为探明不同养殖品种在养殖尾水排放周期内的水质变化特征、主要污染物排放强度,获取养殖尾水排放周期内接近总排水量水质指标平均浓度的适宜采样时段,对暗纹东方鲀、罗氏沼虾、中华绒螯蟹养殖池塘进行养殖尾水水质监测,在16:30~次日7:30的养殖尾水排放周期内,每3 h采集养殖尾水检测总固体悬浮物(TSS)、有机物(COD_(Mn))、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)指标。结果显示:不同养殖品种之间,排放养殖尾水的4项水质指标质量浓度均有显著或极显著差异。综合评价养殖尾水水质状况:中华绒螯蟹最佳,暗纹东方鲀次之,罗氏沼虾较差。养殖尾水排放周期内,暗纹东方鲀、罗氏沼虾、中华绒螯蟹养殖池塘TSS和TP质量浓度在不同检测时间均有极显著差异(P<0.01),COD_(Mn)和TN质量浓度在不同检测时间均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。暗纹东方鲀养殖池塘的TSS实际排放强度显著高于估算排放强度(P<0.05),暗纹东方鲀和罗氏沼虾养殖池塘的TP实际排放强度显著高于估算排放强度(P<0.05),中华绒螯蟹养殖池塘4项水质指标的实际排放强度均低于估算排放强度(P>0.05)。养殖尾水排放特征因养殖品种而异,在养殖尾水处理系统运营方案优化方面具有参考价值,可建立养殖尾水层级净化甚至循环使用的水处理技术,赋予生态效益良好的中华绒螯蟹生态养殖池塘养殖尾水净化的功能。养殖尾水排放周期内TSS、TP质量浓度与排放水体积比可拟合曲线,用于计算养殖尾水水质指标接近理论值的平均质量浓度和对应采样时间。中华绒螯蟹池塘可采用拟合标准曲线,修正实测质量浓度的方式获取各项水质指标的平均质量浓度;暗纹东方鲀和罗氏沼虾池塘分别在养殖尾水排放周期的7~9 h和7~8 h采集水样可获取各水质指标接近理论值的平均质量浓度。The aquaculture wastewater from Takifugu obscurus,Macrobrachium rosenbergii,and Eriocheir sinensis ponds were monitored in order to explore the various characteristics of water quality and the emission intensity of main pollutants of different aquaculture varieties in the discharge cycle of aquaculture wastewater and to obtain the appropriate sampling period close to the average concentration of water quality index of total displacement in the discharge cycle of aquaculture wastewater.The aquaculture wastewater was collected every 3 hours to detect TSS,COD_(Mn),TN,and TP indexes during the discharge cycle from 16:30 to 7:30 the next day.The results showed that there were significant or extremely significant differences in the concentrations of four water quality indexes among different aquaculture varieties respectively.The ranking of the comprehensive water quality of the aquaculture wastewater was:Eriocheir sinensis,Takifugu obscurus,and Macrobrachium rosenbergii.TSS and TP concentration of different aquaculture varieties has a significant difference with the detection time in the discharge cycle of aquaculture wastewater(P<0.01),respectively.There was no significant difference in the concentrations of COD_(Mn) and TN at different detection times(P>0.05).The actual TSS emission intensity of Takifugu obscurus cultured pond was significantly higher than the estimated emission intensity(P<0.05),the actual TP emission intensity of Takifugu obscurus and Macrobrachium rosenbergii culture ponds was significantly higher than the estimated TP emission intensity(P<0.05).The actual emission intensities of four water quality indexes of the Eriocheir sinensis cultured pond were lower than the estimated emission intensities(P>0.05).The discharge characteristics of aquaculture wastewater vary with different aquaculture varieties,which have reference value in the optimization of the operation scheme of the aquaculture wastewater treatment system.The water treatment technology of purification and even recycling of aquaculture w

关 键 词：养殖品种 养殖尾水 排放强度 水质变化 

分 类 号：S949[农业科学—水产养殖] X52[农业科学—水产科学]