国外新冠医疗防疫体系建设策略研究及启示:以新加坡、英国为例  

Construction strategies of COVID-19 medical care and epidemic prevention system abroad: case studies of Singapore and the United Kingdom

作　　者：艾静文 张昊澄 王钰琛 金淑霏 应峻[5] 王森 张文宏 AI Jing-wen;ZHANG Hao-cheng;WANG Yu-chen;JIN Shu-fei;YING Jun;WANG Sen;ZHANG Wen-hong(Department of Infectious Diseases,Huashan Hospital,Fudan University,Shanghai 200040,China;Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response,Shanghai 200040,China;National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases,Shanghai 200040,China;Shanghai Huashen Institute of Microbes and Infections,Shanghai 200040;Fudan University Library,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学附属华山医院感染科,上海200040 [2]上海市传染病与生物安全应急响应重点实验室,上海200040 [3]国家传染病医学中心,上海200040 [4]上海华申微生物与感染研究所,上海200040 [5]复旦大学图书馆,上海200433

出　　处：《复旦学报（医学版）》2023年第1期8-14,25,共8页Fudan University Journal of Medical Sciences

基　　金：上海市科委“科技创新行动计划”软科学研究项目(22692109300);上海申康医院发展中心“医疗机构示范性发热诊治中心标准建设项目”;上海市科技重大专项(HS2021SHZX001)。

摘　　要：目的 通过案例研究总结国外新冠医疗防疫体系建设策略。方法 选取新加坡和英国作为研究案例,采用深度访谈和资料研究相结合的方式,访谈对象包括政府卫生署官员、传染病学专家以及基层全科医师等各类别专业人员,访谈内容涉及受访对象所在国家的医疗防疫体系设置情况和设计逻辑等。结果 两国的新冠防疫体系以分级诊疗为重要特征,其中新加坡通过“Hot Clinic”分流患者,英国通过远程诊疗分流患者。两国的门急诊设施改建以利用现有设施为主。两国全科诊所医护基本配置都相对简单,应对新冠疫情时常通过借用全院医护、统筹安排、适当延长工作时间等方式来扩充医护数量。两国在医疗防疫体系建设中均积极采取了信息化方式,疫情数据采集和信息公开较为及时。两国坚持“平战结合”策略,在逐步放开过程中灵活调整防疫政策和资源配置方案。结论 两国案例的优势及劣势可为我国医疗防疫体系实行分级建设、规范诊疗流程、细化基础设施、完善人员配置、推进信息化建设、贯彻“平战结合”策略并落实转化方案提供参考。Objective To explore and summarize the construction strategies of COVID-19 medical care and epidemic prevention system abroad by case studies. Methods We selected Singapore and the United Kingdom(UK) as research cases, and used a combining method of in-depth interviews with data analysis. Interviewees included a variety of medical professionals like government officials from the Department of Health, epidemiologists, and general practitioners. The interview questions were built around the setting condition and design logic of the medical care and epidemic prevention system in the interviewees’ countries. Results Hierarchical diagnosis and treatment is the important strategy for both countries. Singapore used Hot Clinic to guide patient flows, and the UK used telemedicine. The reconstruction of outpatient and emergency facilities in both countries was mainly based on existing facilities. The basic configuration of general practice was relatively simple. In response to the COVID-19 epidemic, general practice included expanding the number of medical personnel by deploying medical professionals from the entire hospital, re-designing overall arrangements, and extending working hours appropriately. Both countries actively applied information technology in constructing the medical epidemic prevention system, and the epidemic data collection and information disclosure were timelier. Both countries adhered to the “peace-war combined” mode and flexibly adjusted the epidemic prevention policy and resource allocation plan in the process of gradual resuming. Conclusion The study provided reference for constructing China’s medical care and epidemic prevention system. It delivered suggestions from several aspects which included implementing a graded epidemic prevention system, standardizing the treatment process, refining the infrastructure, improving medical personnel staffing, promoting information technology, implementing the strategy of “peace-war combined” mode, and practicing the transformation plan.

关 键 词：新冠肺炎疫情 医疗防疫体系 案例研究 新加坡 英国 

分 类 号：R197[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]