数据驱动的核电厂人因失误因果机理模型研究  

Research on Data-driven Human Error Causal Mechanism in Nuclear Power Plants

作　　者：常猛 王茹 李鹏程 刘珍[2] 刘晓慧 Chang Meng;Wang Ru;Li Pengcheng;Liu Zhen;Liu Xiaohui(Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing,100082,China;Human Factor Institute,University of South China,Hengyang,Hunan,421001,China)

机构地区：[1]生态环境部核与辐射安全中心,北京100082 [2]南华大学人因研究所,湖南衡阳421001

出　　处：《核动力工程》2023年第1期198-203,共6页Nuclear Power Engineering

摘　　要：为了辨识人因失误机理,采用组织定向的人因失误分析(OTHEA)技术对2010—2017年国内核电厂发生的137件人因事件报告进行分析,采用相关性和因子分析方法,辨识人因失误影响因素之间的相关关系,识别出触发人因失误的场景,在此基础上,建立人因失误因果机理模型,揭示人因失误机理。结果表明,影响人因失误主要的结合模式为:知识经验水平、信息显示质量、压力水平、注意力与警觉性、安全态度。知识经验水平主要受培训水平和交流水平的影响;信息显示质量主要受技术系统、人-机界面、规程、组织设计的影响;压力水平主要受任务、规程、人-机界面、技术系统、组织设计以及知识经验水平和信息显示质量的影响;注意力与警觉性主要受工作环境、工作组织管理以及信息显示质量的影响;安全态度主要受组织安全文化、工作组织管理以及操纵员的素质与能力的影响。上述研究可为核电厂人因失误的精准防控提供理论依据,提升核电厂的安全水平。In order to identify human error mechanism,the Organization-oriented human error analysis(OTHEA)technique is used to analyze the 137 domestic human factor event reports that occurred in nuclear power plants(NPPs)from 2010 to 2017.By using the methods of correlation and factor analysis,the correlation between the influencing factors of human error is identified,and the scene that triggers human error is identified.On this basis,the causal mechanism model of human error is established to reveal the mechanism of human error.The results show that the main combination modes affecting human error are knowledge and experience level,information display quality,pressure level,attention and vigilance,and safety attitude.The knowledge and experience level is mainly affected by the level of training and communication;The information display quality is mainly affected by the technical system,human-machine interface,procedures and organizational design;The pressure level is mainly affected by tasks,procedures,man-machine interface,technical system,organizational design,knowledge and experience level and information display quality;Attention and vigilance is mainly affected by the work environment,work organization and management,and the information display quality;The safety attitude is mainly affected by the organizational safety culture,work organization and management and the quality and ability of operators.The above research can provide a theoretical basis for the precise prevention and control of human error in nuclear power plants,and improve the safety level of nuclear power plants.

关 键 词：人因失误 影响因素 失误机理 核电厂 

分 类 号：TM623[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]