法制统一与分级治理: 我国央地立法权的配置机制  

Unified Legislative System and Classified Governance:On the Allocation of the Legislative Powers in China

作　　者：孙莹 肖棣文 Yin Sun;Diwen Xiao

机构地区：[1]中山大学法学院 [2]广东省委党校公共管理教研部

出　　处：《公共行政评论》2023年第1期88-105,198,199,共20页Journal of Public Administration

基　　金：研究阐释党的十九届六中全会精神国家社科基金重大项目“完善以宪法为核心的中国特色社会主义法律体系研究”(22ZDA073)。

摘　　要：中央与地方围绕立法的关联和互动是我国央地关系的基础组成部分之一。论文从宪法和立法法中的立法权位阶设置、地方行使立法权的实际情形,以及地方性法规备案审查机制三个维度聚焦立法权分配中的央地关系。研究认为,我国央地立法权分配除遵循“法制统一”原则外,在实践中还形成了“分级治理”的机制。中央通过建立并完善分层次、分程度的地方立法合法性审查框架,赋予不同层级、区域的地方政府改革探索、自主创新的差异化治理空间。这种非均衡性分权在确保中央权威与地方立法主体的主动性、积极性兼容的同时,也使大一统国家的治理风险稳定在可控范围内。探究央地立法权分配中的制度设置和主体互动,既可以为理解我国央地关系提供新维度,还可以为推动国家治理现代化提供助力。The interaction between the central and local legislative authorities is one of the integral components of central-local relations.This article studies the allocation of central-local legislative powers from three dimensions.First,the arrangement in the Chinese Constitution and Legislation Law,the practice of local legislation,and the mechanism of recording and reviewing of local legislation.This paper argues that there are two basic principles of dividing central-local legislative powers.In addition to the prime principle of“the unification of the legal system”,the other principle is“classified governance”.The National People s Congress Standing Committee established a classified review framework to fit into the various levels of local-lawmaking authorities and situations.The unbalanced division of powers ensures the compatibility of central authority with the initiative of local legislatures,while also stabilizing the governance risks of a large,unified state within a manageable range.This study provides a new perspective for understanding central-local relations in China and contributes to the promotion of governance modernization.

关 键 词：法制统一 地方治理 法律规范冲突 备案审查 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]