保水保肥材料对废弃离子型稀土矿区尾砂土壤理化性质及皇竹草生长的影响  

Effects of Water and Fertilizer Preserving Materials on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Tailing Soil and the Growth of Pennisetum sinese Roxb in Abandoned Ion Rare Earth Mining Area

作　　者：贺燕子 田芷源 马瑞 朱绪超 梁音[1] HE Yanzi;TIAN Zhiyuan;MA Rui;ZHU Xuchao;LIANG Yin(State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2023年第2期267-274,共8页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1805104)。

摘　　要：针对废弃稀土矿区氨氮减低后的土壤结构性差、肥力低下和种植植物生产力低的问题,土壤改良成为快速提升植被恢复的关键。通过田间试验,比较单施不同浓度保水剂(S1、S2、S3)和保水保肥材料(F1、F2、F3)对土壤理化性质、皇竹草生长以及作物耗水和水分利用效率(WUE)等相关指标影响,并运用主成分分析和模糊隶属度函数方法筛选出最佳改良材料。结果表明:(1)保水保肥材料通过改善废弃稀土矿区尾砂土土壤理化性质,促进皇竹草生长,土壤理化性质与植物生长的关系表现为土壤pH和养分含量越高,皇竹草分蘖数、氮磷含量、产量和WUE等生长指标越高。(2)保水保肥材料与对照相比,使皇竹草增产58.13%~182.63%,WUE提升53.81%~181.54%;单施保水剂效果有限,中高用量保水剂(S2、S3)使皇竹草增产19.95%~77.52%,WUE提升19.54%~79.50%。(3)运用主成分分析法筛选出22个土壤改良指标,分别计算各指标模糊隶属度函数值,将平均函数值作为土壤改良效果评价值,评价结果为保水保肥材料>单施保水剂(S1除外)>空白对照。相比对照,单施保水剂(S1除外)平均函数值仅提升0.32~0.35倍,保水保肥材料则提升0.73~1.72倍,并随用量增加而降低,因此F1为最佳土壤改良剂。研究结果表明复配的保水保肥材料在废弃稀土矿区尾砂土改良中具有良好的应用效果。In view of the problems of poor soil structure,low fertility and low plant productivity after ammonia nitrogen reduction in abandoned rare earth mining areas,soil improvement becomes the key to rapidly improve vegetation restoration.Field experiments were carried out to compare the effects of single application of different concentrations superabsorbent polymers(SAPs:S1,S2 and S3)and water and fertilizer preserving materials(WFPMs:F1,F2,F3)on soil physicochemical properties,growth of Pennisetum sinese Roxb,evapotranspiration and water use efficiency(WUE).In order to select the best soil amendment,the principal component analysis and fuzzy membership function were employed to comprehensively evaluate the relevant indicators.The results showed that:(1)The WFPMs promoted the growth of Pennisetum sinese Roxb by improving the soil physicochemical properties of the tailings soil in the abandoned rare earth mining area.The relationship between soil physicochemical properties and plant growth showed that the higher the soil pH and nutrient content,the higher the growth indicators such as tiller number,nitrogen and phosphorus content,yield and WUE.(2)Compared with the control,the WFPMs increased the plant yield and WUE by 58.13%~182.63%and 53.81%~181.54%,respectively;The effect of SAPs was limited,and its medium and high dosage of water retaining agent(S2,S3)increased the plant yield and WUE by 19.95%~77.52%and 19.54%~79.50%,respectively.(3)The principal component analysis method was used to screen out 22 soil improvement indicators,and the fuzzy membership function values of each indicator were calculated respectively.The average function value was taken as the evaluation value of soil improvement effect,and the evaluation result was as follows:WFPMs>SAPs(except for S1)>CK.Compared with the control,the average function value of the SAPs(except for S1)only increased by 0.32~0.35 times,while that of the WFPMs increased by 0.73~1.72 times,and decreased with the increase of the application amount.Therefore,F1 was the best so

关 键 词：废弃稀土矿区 保水保肥材料 土壤改良 土壤理化性质 皇竹草 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S152.4[农业科学—土壤学]