基于不同尺度的差异化农村生活垃圾处理模式——以我国30881个镇域单元为例  

Differentiated Rural Domestic Waste Treatment Model Based on Different Scales——Taking 30 881 Township Units in China as Examples

作　　者：王涛 岳波[1] 孟棒棒 袁续胜 高红[2] 刘博[1,2] WANG Tao;YUE Bo;MENG Bang-bang;YUAN Xu-sheng;GAO Hong;LIU Bo(Research Institute of Solid Waste Management,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院固体废物污染控制技术研究所,北京100012 [2]昆明理工大学建筑工程学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《地球科学与环境学报》2023年第1期104-117,共14页Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1100301)。

摘　　要：农村地区实施生活垃圾处理分区分级处理,提高我国农村地区生活垃圾无害化处理率,对推进美丽乡村建设具有重要意义。基于我国30881个镇域单元的8项指标(人均可支配收入、人口密度、垃圾收集密度、人均生活垃圾产生量、乡镇距市县中心距离、公路路网密度、地形起伏度、土地面积)数据分析,研究构建了科学合理的乡镇类型识别指标体系,采用空间差异性分析、空间自相关性分析、空间插值分析讨论了我国镇域空间分布格局,并探讨了东部、中部、西部和东北地区不同类型乡镇的生活垃圾处理模式。结果表明:①从乡镇类型划分来看,我国乡镇可分为城乡一体化型、密集型、村庄农户分散型,并且东部、中部地区乡镇的生活垃圾处理能力总体优于西部、东北地区;②从空间分异性来看,东部、中部地区乡镇指数内部差异性整体较小,可建议推广同一生活垃圾处理模式;东北、西部地区乡镇指数内部差异性较大,建议推广不同类型相组合的生活垃圾处理模式;③从空间关联性来看,不同尺度下的乡镇指数空间聚集效应明显,特别是东部地区产生了“近朱者赤”的空间关联效应。最后,根据乡镇空间分布特征差异,总结提出了不同地区的农村生活垃圾处理模式选择建议。Promoting the construction of beautiful countryside to carry out zoning and grading of domestic waste disposal in rural areas and to improve the harmlessness of domestic waste disposal in rural areas is of great importance in this regard.8 indicators(disposable income per capita,population density,garbage collection density,household waste generation per capita,distance from urban and county centres,road network density,topography fluctuation,land area)of 30881 township units in China were proposed;a scientific and reasonable township identification index system was constructed;the spatial distribution pattern of townships in China was calculated by using spatial difference analysis,spatial autocorrelation analysis,spatial interpolation analysis;and the domestic waste disposal patterns of different types of townships in the eastern,central,western and northeastern of China were discussed.The results show that①according to the township classification,China s townships can be divided into the urban-rural integration type,the intensive type,and the dispersed type of villagers;②in terms of spatial heterogeneity,the difference within the indices of townships in the eastern and central of China is relatively small,so the same waste treatment model are popularized;the township indices in the northeastern and western of China are very different,so the different types of domestic waste disposal should be popularized;③with respect to spatial correlation,the spatial agglomeration effect of the township index is evident at different scales in China,particularly the spatial correlation effect of“near-vermilion”in the eastern of China.Lastly,based on the spatial distribution characteristics of rural cities and towns,the selection of the rural domestic waste disposal model in different regions of China was summarized.

关 键 词：农村生活垃圾 无害化 处理模式 数据分析 空间差异 聚集效应 乡镇指数 美丽乡村建设 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]