絮凝技术在疏浚淤泥脱水处治中的研究进展  

Research progress of flocculation dewatering technology in the treatment of dredged material

作　　者：黄英豪[1,2] 吴敏 陈永 王硕 王文翀 武亚军[3] HUANG Ying-hao;WU Min;CHEN Yong;WANG Shuo;WANG Wen-chong;WU Ya-jun(Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210024,China;Dredged Sediment Treatment and Resource Utilization Research Center,Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210024,China;Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]南京水利科学研究院,南京210024 [2]南京水利科学研究院河湖库底泥处理与资源化利用研究中心,南京210024 [3]上海大学,上海200444

出　　处：《水道港口》2022年第6期802-812,共11页Journal of Waterway and Harbor

基　　金：江苏省交通运输科技项目(2021Y07-1);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(Y322002)。

摘　　要：河流湖泊的治理和港口航道的浚深工程中会产生大量的废弃疏浚淤泥。目前,底泥疏浚通常采用环保绞吸的清淤方法,疏浚出的淤泥浓度低、含水率高、粘粒含量高,在堆场中天然落淤固结脱水非常缓慢,导致长期占用大量土地且污染环境。絮凝技术由于效果良好在污水、污泥、尾矿等行业中应用广泛,并逐步开始应用于疏浚淤泥的脱水处治中。从淤泥的特性和沉积规律出发,系统梳理了国内外主要的絮凝剂类型,主要包括无机、有机、复合及微生物絮凝剂,对每种絮凝剂的特性及絮凝效果进行了详细论述,指出无机高分子和有机高分子絮凝剂是目前应用较广的类型。絮凝机理是在胶体稳定性理论基础上发展起来的,主要有压缩双电层、电性中和、吸附架桥和网捕卷扫作用等。淤泥絮凝技术在应用时经常需要联合土工管袋、真空预压、板框压滤、电渗法等脱水技术,以达到更好的处理效果。最后指明了淤泥絮凝技术今后的主要研究和发展方向。A large amount of abandoned dredged material had produced in ports, waterways, water conservancy construction projects and water environment control projects. At present, the dredging method of sediment is usually environmental protection by means of cutting and absorbing. The dredged material has low concentration, high water content, high clay content and slow gravity deposition and consolidation. Only the natural deposition and consolidation of silt in the yard was very slow, resulting in long-term occupation of a large amount of land and environmental pollution. Flocculation dewatering technology had widely used in sewage, sludge, tailings and other industries due to its good effect, and gradually began to be applied in the treatment of dredged material dewatering. In this paper, starting from the features of dredging technology and dredging material, the main types of flocculants at home and abroad were summarized, mainly including inorganic, organic, composite and microbial flocculant, and the characteristics of flocculating effect for each type of flocculants were discussed in detail. It points out that the organic polymer and inorganic polymer flocculant are the widely used types. The flocculation mechanism was developed based on the DLVO theory of colloid stability, which mainly included compression double electric layer, electric neutralization, adsorption bridge and net capture and sweep. In applying dredged material flocculation technology, it was often necessary to combine geotechnical tube bag, vacuum preloading, plate and frame pressure filtration, electroosmosis and other dehydration technologies in order to achieve better treatment effect. Finally, the main research and development direction of dredged material flocculation technology in the future were pointed out.

关 键 词：疏浚淤泥 絮凝剂 无机高分子 有机高分子 絮凝机理 联合脱水技术 

分 类 号：U616[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]