2∶17型钐钴永磁材料的相变机制研究新进展  

Recent Progress on Phase Transformations of 2∶17-type Sm-Co Permanent Magnets

作　　者：宋欣 贾文涛 李健 周相龙 马天宇 SONG Xin;JIA Wentao;LI Jian;ZHOU Xianglong;MA Tianyu(State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials,Frontier Institute of Science and Technology,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学前沿科学技术研究院,金属材料强度国家重点实验室,西安710049

出　　处：《材料导报》2023年第3期65-73,共9页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB3505301);国家自然科学基金(52071256)。

摘　　要：第二代稀土永磁材料——2∶17型钐钴是高温磁性最强的永磁材料,在轨道交通、航空航天和石油化工等领域有重要应用。然而,第三代稀土永磁材料钕铁硼的问世转移了永磁领域的基础研究方向,导致对2∶17型钐钴基本问题的理解远不如对钕铁硼深入和透彻,其产业发展滞后。其中,关于2∶17型钐钴永磁材料的相分解机制长期存有争议,导致高性能磁体的研发高度依赖于繁冗的工艺摸索。近年来,随着原位高能同步辐射X射线衍射和球差矫正透射电子显微镜等先进表征技术在2∶17型钐钴永磁材料研究中的应用,其从过饱和固溶体分解为多相共存纳米胞状组织的过程得以清晰揭示,澄清了上述争议。本文简要概述了这方面基础研究的新进展,主要包括基于缺陷形成和分解过程所明确的混合型固态相变机制、残余缺陷与磁性能的关系、基于缺陷控制的高性能材料制备新技术等内容。希望通过对基础问题的新认识,进一步挖掘2∶17型钐钴永磁材料的性能潜力,以推动下游应用领域的发展。The second-generation rare-earth(RE)permanent magnets(PMs),2∶17-type Sm-Co-Fe-Cu-Zr magnets,are the strongest high-temperature PMs,which have wide applications in advanced industries.However,the fundamental interest in REPMs was moved from 2∶17-type magnets to the third-generation Nd-Fe-B magnets in 1980s,leaving some fundamental questions unsettled.One of the fundamental issues is the long-standing dispute on phase decomposition mechanism,which cannot provide clear guidance to develop high-performance 2∶17-type magnets.With the advanced techniques,such as in-situ high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction(HES-XRD)and Cs-HRTEM,the detailed decomposition process of supersaturated solid solutions into multi-phase coexisting cellular nanostructure has clearly been revealed,clarifying this dispute.In this short review,the latest advances in solid-state phase transformation mechanism,defects formation and dissociation processes,correlation between defects and magnetic properties,and defects-control oriented fabrication methods of 2∶17-type Sm-Co-Fe-Cu-Zr magnets were briefly reviewed.We hope that this review article can be helpful for the community,from the understanding of fundamental contributions to the future development of high-performance magnets.

关 键 词：永磁材料 固态相变 磁性 微结构 缺陷 

分 类 号：TM273[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]