磁约束聚变装置辐射监测系统概况  

Survey of radiation monitoring system for magnetic confinement fusion device

作　　者：李成勋 霍志鹏[1] 钟国强 胡立群[1] LI Chengxun;HUO Zhipeng;ZHONG Guoqiang;HU Liqun(Hefei Institutes of Physical Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei 230031,China;University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院,合肥230031 [2]中国科学技术大学,合肥230026

出　　处：《核技术》2023年第2期1-16,共16页Nuclear Techniques

基　　金：中国科学院合肥大科学中心"高端用户培育基金"(No.2020HSC-UE012);中国聚变堆主机关键系统综合研究设施项目(No.2018-000052-73-01-001228);能源研究院(安徽省能源实验室)项目(No.21KZL401、No.21KHH105、No.21KZS205)资助。

摘　　要：采用氘、氚燃料的核聚变反应会产生大量的中子、γ射线及活化产物等,对人员和环境的辐射安全产生影响。为了减小电离辐射带来的影响,需要准确掌握聚变装置核辐射场强度的时间与空间分布信息。世界上已建设的磁约束聚变装置,均根据其自身运行工况特点,建立了完整的核辐射监测系统来应对电离辐射带来的潜在影响。通过对磁约束聚变装置运行及维护期间辐射剂量的监测,获得实验场所与外围环境的电离辐射和放射性核素数据,为辐射安全防护管理提供数据支撑。基于对国内外磁约束聚变装置辐射监测系统的调研,本文归纳了此类装置主要的电离辐射源项及监测系统架构,进而介绍了磁约束聚变中子与γ辐射剂量的测量方法及常用探测器。最后综述了国内外核聚变装置辐射监测系统的研究状况,展望了未来核辐射监测系统的发展趋势与目标。The nuclear fusion reaction using deuterium and tritium fuel produces a large number of neutrons,γrays and activation products,which have an impact on the radiation safety of people and the environment.In order to reduce the impact of ionizing radiation,it is necessary to know accurately well the time and space distribution information of nuclear radiation field intensity in fusion device.The magnetic confinement fusion devices built in the world have established a complete nuclear radiation monitoring system according to their own operating conditions to deal with the potential impact of ionizing radiation.By monitoring the radiation dose during the operation and maintenance of the magnetic confinement fusion device,the ionizing radiation and radionuclide data of the experimental site and the surrounding environment are obtained,which provides data support for radiation safety protection management.Based on the investigation of radiation monitoring systems of magnetic confinement fusion device at home and abroad,the main ionizing radiation source terms and monitoring system architecture are reviewed in this paper,and the measuring methods and common detectors of neutron andγradiation dose in magnetic confinement fusion are introduced.Finally,the research status of radiation monitoring system for nuclear fusion devices at home and abroad is summarized,and the development trend and goal of nuclear radiation monitoring system in the future are prospected.

关 键 词：磁约束聚变 电离辐射 中子 Γ射线 辐射监测 

分 类 号：TL751[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护]