开顶式气室的内外环境差异及其对小麦生长的影响  

Environmental differences inside and outside of an open-top air chamber and its influence on wheat growth

作　　者：童思思 孙旭 郑飞翔[4] 王效科[2] TONG Sisi;SUN Xu;ZHENG Feixiang;WANG Xiaoke(School of Ecology and Environment,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China;State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;Beijing Urban Ecosystem Research Station,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学生态与环境学院,昆明650091 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域国家重点实验室,北京100085 [3]中国科学院北京城市生态系统研究站,北京100085 [4]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2023年第1期17-26,共10页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31971509)。

摘　　要：为探究开顶式气室(Open top chamber,OTC)内外环境差异及其对植物生长的影响,通过对比观测OTC内外的温度、湿度、光合有效辐射以及小麦的净光合速率、生物量、产量,评价了OTC对小麦生长的环境条件及叶片光合速率和产量的影响程度。结果表明:实验通气时间段(9:00—17:00),OTC内部温度比外部高4.8℃(P<0.05),相对湿度低0.6个百分点(P<0.05),光合有效辐射低32.3%(P<0.05)。OTC内小麦的净光合速率显著高于OTC外(P<0.05),且最大影响出现在小麦灌浆阶段。OTC内的小麦单株生物量增加了13.3%,其中穗生物量增加最多(35.2%);小麦单株产量增加了49.2%,其中籽粒数和千粒质量均增加了34.5%。实验结果不仅表明OTC增温能够促进农作物生产并提高产量,而且也提示,若采用OTC开展空气CO_(2)和O_(3)等浓度增加对植物影响模拟实验时,应该尽量减少OTC内外的微气候差异,并考虑OTC增温可能对实验结果的影响。To explore the differences inside and outside an open top chamber(OTC)and its implications for plant growth, this study observed meteorological factors, such as air temperature, relative humidity, and photosynthetically-active radiation, as well as the net photosynthetic rate, biomass, and wheat yield. The results showed that during the experimental fumigation period(09:00—17:00),compared with the outside of the OTC, the temperature inside the OTC increased by 4.8 ℃(P<0.05), the relative humidity was lower by 0.6percentage points(P<0.05), and the photosynthetically active radiation was lower by 32.3%(P<0.05). The net photosynthetic rate increased the most during the grain filling stage. The OTC could also enhance wheat biomass and yield;relative to outside the OTC, the wheat biomass per individual inside the OTC increased by 13.3%. The greatest increase in wheat component biomass occurred in the spikes(35.2%), while the yield per individual increased by 49.2%. The number of grains per individual and 1 000-grain weight inside the OTC both increased 34.5% compared with those outside the OTC. Not only do the results indicate that OTC warming could increase crop biomass and yield, but they also suggest that when an OTC is used in manipulative experiments on the effects of increased air CO_(2) and O_(3)concentrations on plants, the difference in micrometeorology inside and outside the OTC should be minimized and the warming effects of the OTC on the experimental results should be taken into account.

关 键 词：开顶式气室 小麦 气室效应 光合作用 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]