喷锌对黄土高原小麦籽粒营养品质及锌分布的影响  

Effects of zinc spraying on wheat grain nutritional quality and zinc distribution on the Loess Plateau

作　　者：唐梦珊 吕志远 赵晓涵 郭娇 刘金山[1,2] 毛晖 TANG Mengshan;LÜ Zhiyuan;ZHAO Xiaohan;GUO Jiao;LIU Jinshan;MAO Hui(College of Resources and Environmental Science,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2023年第1期27-36,共10页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD190070402);陕西省科技创新专项(2020zdzx03-02-01);农业部岗位体系专家项目(CARS-27)。

摘　　要：为探明不同喷锌次数对小麦产量以及面粉品质的影响,通过两年田间定位试验,研究在小麦的不同生长阶段2次(F2)和4次(F4)叶面喷施ZnSO_(4)处理,对小麦籽粒锌、淀粉、蛋白质、氨基酸含量以及籽粒锌分布和锌生物利用率的影响。结果表明:在不同生长期喷施ZnSO_(4)均能提高小麦的籽粒锌含量,但提升幅度因喷施次数而异,与对照组(不施锌)相比,F4处理的小麦籽粒锌含量提高72.3%~118.7%,籽粒锌携出量提高127.3%~143.0%,提高幅度显著高于F2处理。喷锌处理的小麦籽粒蛋白质携出量以及淀粉携出量均有提高,提升幅度分别为10.9%~25.1%和5.1%~35.8%。第一季试验中小麦籽粒蛋白质和氨基酸发生稀释效应,第二季试验两者均显著提高,其中必需氨基酸中的蛋氨酸和苯丙氨酸连续两年均有不同程度的提高。小麦籽粒锌分布表现为叶面喷施ZnSO_(4)(F2和F4)处理的胚和胚乳中的锌含量(质量百分比)高于对照处理,麸皮中的锌含量(质量百分比)低于对照处理。并且,F4处理籽粒的磷和锌摩尔比显著低于对照处理。研究表明,喷施锌肥可促进小麦生长、提高小麦对养分的吸收能力、显著提高籽粒锌含量、改善锌分配并提高锌的生物利用率,喷施次数的增加能进一步改善小麦的营养品质,使食用面粉(胚乳)中的锌含量进一步增加,对改善人体膳食健康有重要意义。To explore the effects of different zinc spraying schedules on wheat yield and flour quality on the Loess Plateau, two(F2)and four(F4)occurrences of foliar spraying with ZnSO_(4)at different wheat growth stages were evaluated over two years of field experiments.ZnSO_(4)foliar spraying was investigated for its effects on grain zinc, starch, protein, amino acid content, grain zinc distribution, and zinc bioavailability. Spraying ZnSO_(4)at different growth stages increased wheat grain Zn content, although the increase in amplitude varied with spraying schedules. Compared with the control group, the F4 treatment increased the grain zinc content of wheat by 72.3%–118.7%, and the grain zinc output by 127.3%–143.0%, which was significantly greater compared to the F2 treatment. Zinc spraying increased wheat protein and starch yields by 10.9%–25.1% and 5.1%–35.8%, respectively. The protein and amino acid contents of wheat grain were diluted in the first season but considerably rose in the second season, with methionine and phenylalanine in essential amino acids increasing by varying degrees for two consecutive years. The zinc content(weight percentage)in the embryo and endosperm treated with ZnSO_(4)foliar spraying(F2, F4)was greater than that in the control treatment, but the zinc content(weight percentage)in bran was lower. Moreover, the P/Zn molar ratio was significantly lower in the F4 treatment than in the control. Studies have shown that spraying Zn fertilizer can promote wheat growth, improve wheat nutrient absorption capacity, significantly increase grain Zn content, and improve Zn distribution to improve Zn bioavailability. Increasing the spraying schedules can improve the nutritional quality and zinc content of edible flour(endosperm),which is essential for human dietary health.

关 键 词：锌 叶面喷施 氨基酸 锌分布 扫描电镜能谱仪 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]