生物炭介导的连作大豆光合生理代谢及产量响应  

Photosynthetic physiological metabolism and yield response of continuous soybean cropping mediated by long-term application of biochar

作　　者：吴迪[1] 袁鹤翀 顾闻琦 冯志波 孙媛媛 修立群 张伟明[1] 陈温福[1] WU Di;YUAN Hechong;GU Wenqi;FENG Zhibo;SUN Yuanyuan;XIU Liqun;ZHANG Weiming;CHEN Wenfu(Shenyang Agricultural University,Biochar Engineering&Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province,Shenyang 110866,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学,辽宁省生物炭工程技术研究中心,沈阳110866

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2023年第1期37-45,共9页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：黑土地保护与利用科技创新工程专项(XDA28090300);生物炭基复合肥料研制与示范项目(2017YFD0200802-02);稻田生物炭基培肥产品的研制与施用技术项目(2016YFD0300904-4)。

摘　　要：为明确生物炭长期存在条件下对连作大豆光合生理和产量的调控效应及作用关系,探讨其应用可行性,采用大田长期定位试验方法,设置CK(施肥,不施炭)、B1(生物炭12 t·hm^(-2))、B2(生物炭24 t·hm^(-2))和B3(生物炭48 t·hm^(-2))4个处理,研究了施用生物炭(9年)对连作大豆进行光合作用的物质基础、生理功能、产物积累以及产量等方面的影响。施用生物炭可提升连作大豆叶绿素含量(Chla、Chlb)、叶面积及叶面积指数,明显增强连作大豆的光合作用能力,其净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、水分利用效率(WUE)明显提高,胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)降低,其中B3处理的Pn、Tr和Gs分别比CK处理提高15.44%、14.98%和117.73%。同时,生物炭介导的连作大豆PSⅡ反应中心内禀光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)、潜在光化学效率(Fv/Fo)及热耗散量子比率(Fo/Fm)提高,进行光合的植物效率提升。生物炭处理的连作大豆可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、蔗糖含量及叶片干物质量均有不同程度提高,光合产物积累增加,且最终产量表现为生物炭处理均高于CK处理,其中B2、B3处理的大豆产量分别比CK处理提高7.69%、15.38%。相关分析表明,生物炭长期介导的连作大豆产量响应与Chla、Pn、Tr、Gs以及叶片可溶性糖含量密切相关,是促进连作大豆产量提升的重要因素。施用生物炭可增强大豆光合生理功能,促进光合产物积累,提高连作大豆产量。To clarify the effects of biochar on the regulation of photosynthetic physiology, yield of continuous cropping soybean and its relationships under long-term conditions and to explore the feasibility of biochar application, four treatments were set up:CK(fertilizer application, no biochar application), B1(biochar 12 t·hm^(-2)), B2(biochar 24 t·hm^(-2)), and B3(biochar 48 t·hm^(-2))in a long-term field trial.The effects of biochar application(9 years)on the material basis of photosynthesis, physiological functions, product accumulation, and yield of continuous cropping soybean were investigated. The results showed that the application of biochar enhanced the chlorophyll content(Chla, Chlb), leaf area, and leaf area index of continuous cropping soybean significantly. At the same time, biochar enhanced the photosynthetic capacity of continuous cropping soybean, with a net photosynthetic rate(Pn), transpiration rate(Tr), stomatal conductance(Gs), and water-use efficiency significantly increased, and the intercellular CO_(2)concentration(Ci)decreased. Additionally, the Pn, Tr,and Gs of the B3 treatment increased by 15.44%, 14.98%, and 117.73%, respectively, compared to the CK. Meanwhile, the biocharmediated endowment light energy conversion efficiency(Fv/Fm), potential photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fo), and heat dissipation quantum ratio(Fo/Fm)in the PSⅡ reaction center of continuous cropping soybean increased, and the plant efficiency of soybean photosynthesis was enhanced. Further, the soluble protein, soluble sugar, sucrose content, and leaf dry matter weight of the biochar-treated continuous cropping soybeans increased to varying degrees, and the accumulation of photosynthetic products increased. The final yields showed that the biochar treatments were higher than the CK, with the soybean yields of the B2 and B3 treatments being 7.69% and 15.38% higher than the CK, respectively. Further correlation analysis showed that the long-term biochar-mediated yield response of continuous soybean cropping was closely relat

关 键 词：生物炭 大豆 光合作用 连作栽培 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]