不同来源生物质炭对水稻镉锌吸收积累的影响  

Effects of different biochar types on Cd and Zn uptake and accumulation by rice

作　　者：申小刚 张阿凤[1] 叶雪珠[2] 陈德 张棋[2] 赵首萍[2] 肖文丹[2] 伍少福 SHEN Xiaogang;ZHANG Afeng;YE Xuezhu;CHEN De;ZHANG Qi;ZHAO Shouping;XIAO Wendan;WU Shaofu(College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Products,State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Hangzhou 310021,China;Shaoxing Grain and Oil Crop Technology Extension Center,Shaoxing 312000,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]浙江省农业科学院农产品质量安全与营养研究所,农产品质量安全危害因子与风险防控国家重点实验室,农业农村部农产品信息溯源重点实验室,杭州310021 [3]绍兴市粮油作物技术推广中心,浙江绍兴312000

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2023年第1期65-75,共11页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：浙江省“三农六方”科技协作计划项目(2020SNLF004);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFF0213501)。

摘　　要：为了筛选对土壤中镉(Cd)钝化效果好的生物质炭种类,通过田间试验研究了玉米秸秆炭(MSBC)、水稻秸秆炭(RSBC)、稻壳炭(RHBC)、花生壳炭(PHBC)、厨余垃圾炭(CWBC)及小麦秸秆炭(WSBC)对杂交稻浙优18(ZY-18)和常规稻浙粳96(ZG-96)吸收、转运和积累Cd、Zn的影响。结果表明:ZY-18籽粒Cd含量显著高于ZG-96,而Zn含量则相反,前者Cd/Zn比显著高于后者。与对照相比,不同生物质炭均降低了ZY-18籽粒中Cd的含量,降幅在29%~56%之间,其中RSBC处理降幅最高;MSBC和WSBC处理ZY-18籽粒中Zn含量分别降低了18%和16%;除WSBC处理外,各生物质炭处理均降低了ZY-18籽粒Cd/Zn比,降幅在28%~51%之间;各施炭处理对ZG-96籽粒Cd、Zn含量及Cd/Zn均无显著影响。水稻籽粒中Cd含量与Cd的根-茎转运系数(TFS/R-Cd)显著相关,Zn含量则与Zn的茎-籽粒转运系数(TFG/S-Zn)显著相关;ZY-18的TFS/R-Cd是ZG-96的1.8~2.9倍,而后者的TFG/S-Zn是前者的1.6~2.3倍;施炭处理ZY-18的TFS/R-Cd降低了33%~40%,ZG-96的TFG/S-Zn则增加了38%~57%。施炭处理土壤有效态Cd和Zn分别降低了38%~91%和53%~96%,pH值提高了0.4~1.6个单位,有机质增加了26%~65%,全氮、碱解氮、全磷及有效磷也有不同程度的增加。研究表明,不同品种水稻对Cd、Zn的吸收和转运存在差异,对生物质炭的响应也有所不同;施用生物质炭可显著提高酸性土壤的pH值、有机质及养分含量,降低土壤Cd有效性及特定水稻品种对Cd的吸收、转运和籽粒Cd/Zn比,其中RSBC效果最佳。In order to screen biochars with good stabilizing capacity to soil Cd,a field experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of addition of different types of biochar,namely maize straw biochar(MSBC),rice straw biochar(RSBC),rice husk biochar(RHBC),peanut husk biochar(PHBC),cooking waste biochar(CWBC),and wheat straw biochar(WSBC),into soil on Cd and Zn uptake,translocation and accumulation in two rice varieties,including the hybrid cultivar’Zheyou 18’(ZY-18)and the conventional cultivar’Zhegeng 96’(ZG-96).The Cd content of ZY-18 was significantly higher than that of ZG-96,while the Zn content showed an opposite trend.The Cd/Zn ratio of ZY-18 was significantly higher than that of ZG-96.Biochar addition significantly reduced the Cd content of rice grains(29%-56%)in ZY-18 compared with control(no biochar addition),with the greatest decrease recorded in the RSBC treatment.MSBC and WSBC addition decreased the Zn content of rice grains in ZY-18 grains by 18%and 16%,respectively.All biochar treatments,except WSBC,decreased the Cd/Zn ratio of rice grains by 28%-51%in ZY-18.There was no significant effects of biochar on Cd,Zn contents and the Cd/Zn ratio in grains of ZG-96.The Cd content of rice grains was significantly correlated with the root-to-shoot translocation factor of Cd(TFS/R-Cd),while the Zn content of rice grains significantly correlated with the shoot-to-grain translocation factor of Zn(TFG/S-Zn).The TFS/R-Cd of ZY-18 was 1.8-2.9 times that of ZG-96,while the TFG/S-Zn of the latter was 1.6-2.3 times that of the former.The TFS/R-Cd of ZY-18decreased by 33%-40%,but the TFG/S-Zn of ZG-96 increased by 38%-57%following biochar addition.Soil available Cd and Zn decreased by respectively 38%-91%and 53%-96%,soil pH increased by 0.4-1.6 units,and soil organic matter content increased by26%-65%following biochar addition.Moreover,the contents of soil total nitrogen,alkali hydrolysable nitrogen,total phosphorus,and available phosphorus increased at varying degrees following biochar addition.Overall,the uptake

关 键 词：水稻 品种 重金属 安全利用 原位钝化 吸收 转运 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X173