养殖场圈舍环节粪污酸化氨减排技术研究与应用  

Study on ammonia reduction technology by manure surface acidification in animal housing

作　　者：刘娟 王选[1,3] 曹玉博 柏兆海 马林[1] LIU Juan;WANG Xuan;CAO Yubo;BAI Zhaohai;MA Lin(Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences/Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050022,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Xiong’an Institute of Innovation,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xiong’an 071700,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心/河北省土壤生态学重点实验室/中国科学院农业水资源重点实验室,石家庄050022 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]雄安创新研究院,雄安071700

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2023年第2期290-299,共10页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划项目(20327305D);河北省现代农业产业技术体系奶牛产业创新团队项目(HBCT2018120206);河北省现代农业产业技术体系蛋肉鸡产业创新团队项目(HBCT2018150209);河北省‘三三三人才工程’项目(A202110001)资助。

摘　　要：本研究针对养殖场圈舍环节氨挥发量大,缺少可原位实施的氨减排技术的现状,欲探究一种经济、高效、可实施并可广泛推广的圈舍原位氨减排技术。本研究利用圈舍模拟试验探索了不同剂量的硫酸和青贮渗出液对粪尿氨挥发的影响,筛选可用于圈舍原位氨减排的酸化条件;并进一步研发动物圈舍原位酸化氨减排设备,将模拟试验筛选出的酸化条件应用于原位圈舍,从氨减排效果和经济两个方面综合探究动物圈舍原位酸化技术的可行性。研究结果表明,硫酸和青贮液可快速降低粪尿氨挥发:以不喷酸作为对照,按0.03 g·m^(-2)的喷施量,在试验开始喷洒一次硫酸和青贮液,可分别降低氨挥发排放速率39.1%(P<0.05)和42.7%(P<0.05),但其减氨效果仅维持8 h左右。鉴于硫酸难以市场流通、青贮液无法雾化,原位圈舍采用青贮液的主要成分乳酸作为酸化剂。本研究利用原位酸化氨减排设备对圈舍粪尿以不同频率喷酸时,每天按0.03 g·m^(-2)的剂量喷洒乳酸(0.01 mol·L^(-1))3次(8:00、16:00、0:00)时氨减排效率最高,与不喷酸相比,氨减排效率为55.6%(P<0.01);每天喷洒2次(8:00、16:00)氨减排成本最低,为147元·kg^(-1)(NH_(3))。本研究为养殖场圈舍环节提供了一项可实施的高效减氨技术,但其成本仍较高,该技术的广泛推广和应用还需进一步降低设备成本。Animal housing plays an important role in NH_(3)emissions from livestock,and in situ technology for NH_(3)mitigation is lacking in China.Therefore,the aim of this study was to explore an efficient,economic,and practical technology to reduce NH_(3)emissions from in situ animal housing.Here,we determined the effects of sulfuric acid and silage leachate at different doses on NH_(3)emissions in a simulated experiment to select the best acidification conditions that could be applied to in situ NH_(3)reduction technology in animal housing.We then designed and equipped a set of NH_(3)mitigation technologies(an acid spraying device)in sheep housing and applied the selected acidification conditions to explore the effect of NH_(3)mitigation technology on NH_(3)emissions from the perspective of NH_(3)reduction efficiency and economy.The results showed that sulfuric acid and silage leachate can reduce NH_(3)emissions efficiently.The NH_(3)reduction rates were 39.1%(P<0.05)for sulfuric acid and 42.7%(P<0.05)for silage leachate,respectively,when the spraying dose was 0.03 g·m^(-2),but it only worked within 8 h.Because sulfuric acid is difficult to obtain on the market and atomizing silage leachate is challenging,lactic acid,the main component of silage leachate,was used as an acidifier in in situ housing.When spraying lactic acid at the dose of 0.03 g·m^(-2)(0.01 mol·L^(-1))three times per day(8:00,16:00,0:00)by using an acid spraying device,NH_(3)reduction efficiency was the highest(55.6%,P<0.01);NH_(3)concentrations in the daytime were reduced by 67.0%(P<0.01)(3 m height)and 72.0%(P<0.01)(0 m height),respectively,when acid was sprayed once per day at 8:00,but there was no influence on NH_(3)concentration at night.When the acidification frequency was two times per day at 8:00 and 16:00,NH_(3)concentration could be reduced throughout the day,and there was a more efficient reduction in the daytime with 72.0%(P<0.01)(3 m height)and 56.5%(P<0.01)(0 m height)than that in nighttime with 32.1%(P<0.01)and 25.8%(P<0.01)at 3 m and 0

关 键 词：圈舍 畜禽粪污 氨气 氨减排技术 原位酸化技术 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]