强电用超导材料的发展现状与展望  

Development Status and Prospects of Superconducting Materials for Electric Power Applications

作　　者：张平祥[1,2] 闫果[2] 冯建情[1] 马衍伟[3] 朱佳敏 陶伯万[5] 蔡传兵 Zhang Pingxiang;Yan Guo;Feng Jianqing;Ma Yanwei;Zhu Jiamin;Tao Bowan;Cai Chuanbing(Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research,Xi’an 710016,China;Western Superconducting Technologies Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710018,China;The Institute of Electrical Engineering of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Shanghai Superconducting Technology Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200135,China;School of Electronic Science and Engineering,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu 610054,China;Shanghai Creative Superconductor Technologies Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201400,China)

机构地区：[1]西北有色金属研究院,西安710016 [2]西部超导材料科技股份有限公司,西安710018 [3]中国科学院电工研究所,北京100190 [4]上海超导科技股份有限公司,上海200135 [5]电子科技大学电子科学与工程学院,成都610054 [6]上海上创超导科技有限公司,上海201400

出　　处：《中国工程科学》2023年第1期60-67,共8页Strategic Study of CAE

基　　金：中国工程院咨询项目“我国先进有色金属材料发展战略研究”(2022-XZ-20)。

摘　　要：超导材料具有常规材料不具备的零电阻、完全抗磁性等宏观量子现象,是典型的量子材料。在强电应用领域,使用超导材料可以实现常规技术无法实现的超强磁场、大容量储能等诸多颠覆性技术,因此,强电用超导材料制备技术一直是国际高技术竞争前沿。本文通过梳理国内外强电用超导材料及其制备技术的发展现状,系统分析和阐明了包括低温超导材料NbTi、Nb_(3)Sn和高温超导材料YBCO涂层导体、Bi-2223带材、Bi-2212线材以及MgB_(2)线材等实用化超导材料在强电应用领域的发展趋势。分析我国强电用超导材料发展存在的问题,我国需要以开发出面向不同强电应用需求的高性能超导材料体系为基础,实现超导材料和强电应用产品的协同发展,推动强电用超导材料制备技术和应用技术的创新水平提升和产业化规模。研究建议,通过国家层面组织“产学研用”联合攻关,实现低温超导材料产业升级,突破高温超导材料批量化制备关键技术的发展思路,实现强电用超导材料的快速发展和应用。Superconducting material is a typical quantum material that features unique zero-resistance and Meissner effects.With the introduction of superconducting materials,numerous disruptive technologies in electric power applications,such as ultra-strong magnetic fields and large-capacity power transmission,can be realized,which makes the fabrication technique of large-current-capacity superconducting materials the frontier field worldwide.This study summarizes the development status of superconducting materials for electric power application as well as their fabrication techniques,and clarifies the development trends of several practical superconducting materials,including low-temperature superconducting materials(e.g.,NbTi and Nb_(3)Sn)and high-temperature superconducting materials(e.g.,YBCO coated conductors,Bi-2223 tapes,Bi-2212 wires,and MgB_(2) wires).Considering the problems existing in the development of the superconducting materials for electric power application in China,it is imperative to establish a high-performance superconducting material system that satisfies varied electric power application requirements to achieve the integrated development of superconducting materials and electric power application products and to promote the innovation and industrial scale of these materials and applications.Furthermore,we suggest that the integrated development of production,education,research,and application should be promoted in the national level to upgrade the low-temperature superconducting material industry and achieve breakthroughs in batch production of high-temperature superconducting materials,thereby realizing the rapid development of superconducting materials for electric power application.

关 键 词：低温超导材料 高温超导材料 超导线带材 制备技术 

分 类 号：TM26[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]