草地生态系统服务经济价值评估研究  

A Study on Economic Value of Grassland Ecosystem Services

作　　者：黄季焜[1] 侯玲玲[1] 亢楠楠 刘会芳[2] 吕欣欣[1] 张岩[2] 仇焕广[3] 龚亚珍[4] 南志标[2] Huang Jikun;Hou Lingling;Kang Nannan;Liu Huifang;Lyu Xinxin;Zhang Yan;Qiu Huanguang;Gong Yazhen;Nan Zhibiao(China Center for Agricultural Policy,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China;School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;School of Environment&Natural Resources Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国农业政策研究中心,北京100871 [2]兰州大学草地农业科技学院,兰州730020 [3]中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院,北京100872 [4]中国人民大学环境学院,北京100872

出　　处：《中国工程科学》2023年第1期198-206,共9页Strategic Study of CAE

基　　金：中国工程院咨询项目“草地生态系统的经济价值评估与发展战略研究”(2021-HZ-05)。

摘　　要：草地是我国面积第二大的陆地生态系统,生态系统服务功能突出,但蕴含的经济价值和相应实现机制有待深入研究。本文基于现有文献,系统评估了全球和中国的草地生态系统服务经济价值与时空变动规律,完成了部分主要生态价值的实证研究。结果表明,全球草地生态服务价值年均为2.19×10^(13)美元,相当于2020年全球国内生产总值(GDP)的16.4%;中国草地年均生态服务价值为6.22×10^(12)元(相当于2020年GDP的6.13%或农业GDP的80%),其中草地生态调节功能占比为84%,集中在西藏、内蒙、新疆、青海等省份;生态服务经济价值随着经济发展而不断提高。研究发现,草地生态系统在旅游文化、防沙固沙等方面的潜在经济价值相比已有文献结果更高,但实现相应价值面临诸多挑战。文章提出了提升和实现草地生态服务经济价值的发展战略、试点示范工程、保障措施等建议,以期为该领域发展及实践研究提供参考。Grassland is the second largest terrestrial ecosystem in China and provides a large variety of ecosystem services to human beings.However,its economic value and the associated realization mechanisms still require in-depth research.Compiling the current literature and using meta-analysis,this study systematically evaluates the economic value of grassland ecosystem services and its temporal and spatial variation in China and worldwide.Moreover,rigorous empirical analysis are conducted on the economic value of three typical ecosystem services.The results show that the economic value of global grassland ecosystem services equals to 21.9 trillion USD(constant price in 2020),equivalent to 16.4% of global GDP in 2020.The economic value of grassland ecosystem services in China is as high as 6.22 trillion CNY(equivalent to 6.13% of GDP or 80% of agricultural GDP of China in 2020),mostly provided in Tibet,Inner Mongolia,Xinjiang,and Qinghai.Among them,84% comes from ecological regulation services.These economic values also increase as the economy develops.The empirical analysis of typical ecosystem services show that the potential economic value of grassland eco-products,eco-tourism,and wind-break and sand-fixation are higher than those reported in the current literature.However,realizing these economic values provided by grassland ecosystem faces many challenges.Furthermore,this study provides policy implications on the development strategies,key engineering projects,and policy measures to improve and realize the economic value of grassland ecosystem services in China.

关 键 词：草地生态系统服务 经济价值 价值实现 生态保护补偿 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学]