近期欧美地区成品油市场零售价格研究及启示  

Research on recent retail price of European and U.S. refined oil market and its enlightenment

作　　者：万军豪 张宏民 李彦 WAN Junhao;ZHANG Hongmin;LI Yan(Shanghai International Energy Exchange)

机构地区：[1]上海国际能源交易中心

出　　处：《国际石油经济》2022年第12期50-58,共9页International Petroleum Economics

摘　　要：2022年上半年,乌克兰危机等因素造成石油市场供需趋紧,炼油能力不足,缩减成品油市场供应,推动成品油价格快速上涨,欧美地区呈现出成品油零售价格涨幅异于原油涨幅、欧盟价格涨幅显著低于美国涨幅等特点。成品油零售价格高涨推动通货膨胀上行,增加了居民生活成本。欧美地区应对成品油零售价格上涨的主要措施包括石油储备的构建和释放、利用金融优势发展石油衍生品市场、调节成品油税收以减轻价格上涨对经济的冲击。在中国成品油市场竞争格局基本形成的条件下,建议健全中国石油期货产品体系,充分利用期货市场价格发现功能,让中国因素参与到国际石油市场价格形成过程,构建充足经济的石油储备体系,服务实体经济资源配置和价格风险管理;精准利用政府税收的调节机制,共同完善成品油价格形成机制市场化改革,保障国内成品油价格安全,提高成品油资源市场配置效率。In the first half of 2022, the Ukraine issue and other factors have resulted in the tight supply and demand in the oil market, and reduced supply of refined oil due to insufficient refining capacity, jointly driving the price of refined oil to rise rapidly. Retail price of refined oil in European and the United States showed that the increase was different from that of crude oil and the price increase in European was significantly lower than that in the United States. Soaring retail price of refined oil pushed up inflation and raised the cost of living for residents. This paper analyzes the measures taken by Europe and the United States to deal with the rising retail price of refined oil including the construction and release of oil reserves, the development of oil derivatives market by taking advantage of financial advantages, and the adjustment of refined oil taxation to reduce the impact of rising price on the economy. Under the condition that the competition pattern of China’s refined oil market is basically formed, it is suggested that China should improve its oil futures product system, make full use of the price discovery function of the futures market, allow Chinese factors to participate in the global oil market, build a sufficient and economical oil reserve system, to serve the real economy resource allocation and price risk management, precisely utilize government’s tax adjustment mechanism,jointly improve the market-oriented reform of refined oil price formation mechanism, ensure the safety of domestic refined oil price, and enhance the market allocation efficiency of refined oil resources.

关 键 词：乌克兰危机 成品油 零售价格 价格安全 风险管理 期货市场 石油储备 税收 

分 类 号：F416.22[经济管理—产业经济] F764.1