189份引进棉花种质资源农艺性状与品质性状的遗传多样性分析  

Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Agronomic and Quality Traits of 189 Cotton Germplasm Resources

作　　者：杨延龙 马志刚 吾买尔江·库尔班[3] 汪鹏龙 玛依拉·玉素音 李春平[1] 阳妮 马君[1] 师维军[1] YANG Yanlong;MA Zhigang;Wumaierjiang Kuerban;WANG Penglong;Mayila Yusuyin;LI Chunping;YANG Ni;MA Jun;SHI Weijun(Research Institute of Economic Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;Office for International Scientific and Technological Cooperation,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;Upland Cotton Experiment Station in Kuqa Couinty,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kuqa Xinjiang 842000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆农业科学院国际科技合作交流处,乌鲁木齐830091 [3]新疆农业科学院库车陆地棉试验站,新疆库车842000

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2022年第12期2870-2878,共9页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项课题“棉花种质资源收集与优异基因挖掘关键技术研究”(2022A03004-2);新疆维吾尔自治区自治区重大科技专项课题“机采棉新品种培育及技术示范”(2021A02001-4)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析研究189份引进棉花种质资源农艺性状与品质性状的遗传多样性,为新疆棉花育种及创新种质资源提供资源基础。【方法】选取引进的189份棉花种质资源的6个农艺性状和5个纤维品质性状,进行遗传多样性、相关性、主成分和聚类分析,鉴定、筛选优良性状的棉花种质资源材料。【结果】189份棉花种质在农艺性状与品质性状上均表现出丰富的遗传多样性,6个农艺性状的变异系数在4.669%~11.877%,平均为8.712%;5个品质性状的变异系数在1.369%~9.311%,平均为6.136%。各性状间表现出较为复杂的相关关系,同步改良棉花关键性状指标有难度;主成分分析将11个性状简化为4个主成分,累计贡献率达72.740%,各主成分反映生育期、株高等生物学特征与单铃重、衣分、上半部平均长度、马克隆值等经济性状之间的相互关系,各性状协同配合有利于各性状的同步提高。将189份棉花种质资源进行系统聚类,在遗传距离为10.0时所有材料被划分为7个类群,各类群性状特征差异明显。【结论】189份棉花种质资源第Ⅲ类群、第Ⅵ类群和第Ⅶ类群中马克隆值的均值分别为4.17、4.03和4.08,均达到A级标准。【Objective】Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Agronomic and Quality Traits of 189 Cotton Germplasm Resources enrich the diversity of cotton germplasm resources a certain resource base for cotton breeding and germplasm innovation in Xinjiang.【Methods】The genetic diversity,correlation,principal component and cluster analysis of 6 agronomic traits and 5 fiber quality traits of 189 cotton germplasm resources were carried out to identify and screen cotton germplasm resources with excellent traits.【Results】showed that 189 cotton germplasms rich genetic diversity in both agronomic and quality traits.The variation coefficients of 6 agronomic traits ranged from 4.669%to 11.877%,with an average of 8.712%;variation of 5 quality traits range from 1.369%to 9.311%,with an average of 6.136%.The correlation and principal component analyses on agronomic and quality traits showed that the complex correlations among the traits increased the difficulty for simultaneously improving the key traits of cotton.Principal component analysis simplified 11 traits into 4 components with a cumulative contribution rate of 72.740%.These 4 principal components indicate the relationships between biological characteristics(e.g.,growth period,plant height)and economic traits(e.g.,single boll weight,lint,average length of the upper half,and micronaire value).Synergistic cooperation beneficial to the simultaneous improvement of all traits.The 189 cotton germplasm resources were systematically clustered.When the genetic distance was 10,all materials were divided into 7 groups,and the characteristics of each group were significantly different.【Conclusion】It is worth noting that the mean values of micronaires of groupⅢ,groupⅥand groupⅦ189 cotton germplasm resources are 4.17,4.03 and 4.08 respectively,all of which have reached the A-level standard.

关 键 词：棉花 种质资源 遗传多样性 农艺性状 品质性状 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]